Answer one question from this section. (a) Study Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2 (Insert). Fig. 2.1 is a map showing land use in an urban area in Germany, an MEDC in Europe. Fig. 2.2 is an image of a new high technology industrial park which is to be built on disused land at X in Fig. 2.1.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2025). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Inner City with mixed land use
2. [1] A1 = Residential/houses
3. [1] B2 = Industrial/factories
4. [1] Individual/separate buildings;
5. [1] Close together;
6. [1] Various sizes/shapes (or description of building size/shape);
7. [1] 5-8 storeys/tall/high rise/multi-storey;
8. [1] All similar height;
9. [1] Flat roofs;
10. [1] Windows;
11. [1] Geometric layout (or description);
12. [1] Vegetation/greenery/trees/roof gardens;
13. [1] Internal road network/pedestrianised/walkways;
14. [1] Oval/shaped like an eye Etc.
15. [1] Some people would be in favour as: Jobs created/within easy reach of work/source of income;
16. [1] Think the area was improved aesthetically;
17. [1] Blends with existing land use;
18. [1] Creates habitats/trees absorb carbon dioxide;
19. [1] Disused land will be removed/put to good use/made safer;
20. [1] Business/income may be created for the area; Etc.
21. [1] Some people would be against as: May have wanted another specified land use (e.g. open space/recreation space/housing /retail park);
22. [1] Traffic congestion/more traffic;
23. [1] Air pollution/fumes from vehicle exhausts/construction;
24. [1] Noise from vehicles/construction;
25. [1] Visual pollution/eyesore;
26. [1] Competition with local businesses/competition for workforce; Etc.
27. Note: Reserve 1 mark for each of in favour and against.
28. [1] Tall/high rise buildings/five or six storeys high;
29. [1] Buildings close together/high building density;
30. [1] Old/historical buildings;
31. [1] Bell tower/clock tower;
32. [1] Lots of people on the street/walking;
33. [1] Pavements/zebra/pelican crossing;
34. [1] One-way street;
35. [1] Flower beds/hanging baskets/flags/advertising hoardings;
36. [1] Wires/street lights;
37. [1] Cycle lane/tram lines;
38. [1] Shops;
39. [1] Cafes/restaurants/hotels/offices;
40. [1] Apartments on upper floors;
41. [1] Cobbled street Etc.
42. [1] People will travel a long way to use services/people travel from the area around Amsterdam;
43. [1] People don't have these services where they live;
44. [1] People unlikely to use the services frequently;
45. [1] They will be prepared to travel further;
46. [1] CBD will have lots of/a wide range of services/variety of goods sold;
47. [1] Order of services will be medium/high;
48. [1] Specialist/comparison goods;
49. [1] Services there will not be found in other nearby settlements;
50. [1] Communications/easy access/roads will be good;
51. [1] Some of the services/shops may be used by tourists; Etc.
52. Levels marking
53. Level 1 (1–3 marks): Statements including limited detail which explain why traffic congestion occurs in an urban area.
54. Level 2 (4–6 marks): Uses named example. Developed or linked statements which explain why traffic congestion occurs in an urban area. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example.)
55. Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements which explain why traffic congestion occurs in an urban area, with some place specific reference.
56. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Large population
57. High car ownership
58. High density of roads
59. Narrow roads/roads developed before so many vehicles were being used
60. On street parking
61. Many people travel to work by car
62. Accidents/breakdowns
63. Traffic light failure/lack of traffic lights
64. Lack of public transport
65. Delivery vehicles/heavy lorries
66. Rush hour
67. Road works
68. Tourism
69. Specified source of congestion (e.g. football stadium, shopping centre)
70. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details
71. Specific details of the chosen urban area Etc.