O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/22 · Oct/Nov 2024 · Q38 Marks

Table 3.1 shows the settlement hierarchy of Copeland District in northern England.

(a)Describe the relationship between:
(a)(i)rank and population size[1]
(a)(ii)rank and amount of settlements.[1]
(b)Identify one service found in the small towns but not in the villages.[1]
(c)Fig. 3.1 shows the distribution of the settlements listed in Table 3.1.
(c)(i)Describe the distribution of settlements shown in Fig. 3.1.[3]
(c)(ii)Suggest reasons for the distribution of settlements shown in Fig. 3.1.[2]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2024). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Positive relationship; Directly proportional; High(er) rank = high(er) population/low(er) rank = low(er) population.
[1] Negative relationship; Inversely proportional; High(er) rank = low(er) number/low(er) rank = high(er) number,
[1] Comparison shops; Secondary school. NOTE Only credit services named in Table 3.1.
[3] Uneven distribution; In N/NW/WNW/more in N than S; In W/near the coast; (close to coast needs more than one settlement) Large areas with no settlement/centre has no settlements; Isolated area/few/one town/Millom/two settlements/one village in S/SE some/many inland; On/along/at the side of/near the (main) road/main towns at junction of (main) roads; Around/surrounding/close to/near Whitehaven. NOTE. Allow town/principal town and key centre as interchangeable.
[2] Mineral wealth/mining or named mineral; Water supply; Flat/gently sloping land/low land/avoiding highland/steep slopes; Better/fertile soils; Manufacturing industry by main road for accessibility to services/markets/ports/for trade/schools/transfer of goods/hospitals; Whitehaven/St Bees/Seascale/on coast/access to sea for trade/exports/imports/transfer of goods/shipping routes/fishing/ ports/harbours; Tourism; By principal towns/key centres/Whitehaven for the availability of services/schools/hospitals/large shops/high(er) order shops/range of goods/employment. NOTE Do not double credit e.g. for services/named services/trade.

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