O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2023 · Q125 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 1.1, information about birth rates and death rates in Germany between 1950 and 2020 (Germany is an MEDC in Europe).

(a)(i)What was the death rate in Germany in 1950? per 1000[1]
(a)(ii)What evidence in Fig. 1.1 suggests that: – there was a decrease in the natural population growth rate in Germany between 1965 and 1970? – natural population decline occurred in Germany between 1990 and 2000?[2]
(a)(iii)Calculate the natural population growth rate in Germany in 1960. You should show your calculations in the box below. per 1000[3]
(a)(iv)Explain why birth rates are low in MEDCs such as Germany.[4]
(b)Study Fig. 1.2, information about the origins of migrants to Germany. Content removed due to copyright restrictions. [Figure 1.2]
(b)(i)Complete Fig. 1.2 by plotting the following information about the origin of migrants to Germany: Turkey = 13% Poland = 8% Syria = 7%[3]
(b)(ii)Describe the problems which may be faced by international migrants when they arrive in Germany.[5]
(c)For an example you have studied, explain why international migration has taken place. Migration from .............................................................. to ..............................................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] 11 (per 1000)
Note: No tolerance
1 mark
[2] Gap between birth rate and death rate became smaller/birth rate fell and death rate increased;
The graph shows a change in natural population growth from 5.5/5.6 in 1965 to 1 in 1970 OR accept birth rate and death rate statistics for both 1965 and 1970 – all 4 needed (i.e. 1965 BR = 17.5 DR = 11.9/12 1970 BR = 13.5 DR = 12.5);
natural population decline occurred in Germany between 1990 and 2000
Death (rate) was higher than birth (rate)/birth (rate) lower than death (rate)/BR and DR were the same in 1990 and BR declined faster than DR/ Growth was 0/-0.1 in 1990 and -0.9 in 2000 OR accept accurate birth and death rate statistics for 1990 and 2000 as alternative – all 4 needed (i.e. 1990 BR/DR = 11.4/11.5 2000 BR = 9.3 DR = 10.2;
2 @ 1 mark
[3] 1 mark for both correct figures (i.e. BR = 17.5 DR = 12.1);
1 mark for idea of BR – DR even if figures are wrong;
= 5.4
3 @ 1 mark
[4] Ideas such as:
There is/people use/can afford contraception/family planning;
Education about contraception/about problems of large families;
Children not needed to work/have to attend school;
Children not needed to look after elderly/pensions available;
Secular society/less influence of religion or tradition;
Low infant mortality/they do not need more babies as most will survive;
Women's rights/emancipation for women;
Women have careers/education for women;
Access to abortion;
High cost of living/children are expensive/people cannot afford to have many children;
Many women have children later in life /people marry late/fewer teenage pregnancies;
Etc.
4 @ 1 mark
[3] Graph completion
Assuming correct order:
1 mark for line at 13%
1 mark for line at 21%
1 mark for correct shading (Turkey must be horizontal)
Note: if order is incorrect MAX 2 marks for accuracy of plots and shading.
3 @ 1 mark
[5] Ideas such as:
Risk of deportation/not being allowed entry;
Difficulty finding employment;
Discrimination/racial abuse/racial conflict/racial tension/racism/xenophobia;
Low pay;
Exploitation e.g. long hours, poor working conditions;
Communication/language difficulties/problems;
Finding/poor housing/expense of housing;
Healthcare/education/food etc. May not be affordable;
Away from friends and family;
Qualifications will not be accepted;
Hard to get citizenship/green card/permission to work;
Getting used to a different culture/people will not accept their culture/cultural shock;
Etc.
5 @ 1 mark or development
[7] Levels marking
Level 1 (1-3 marks): Statements including limited detail which explain why migration has taken place.
Level 2 (4-6 marks): Uses named example. Developed statements which explain why migration has taken place. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example – countries or continents.)
Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements which explain why migration has taken place, including some place specific reference.
Content Guide: Candidates can use any example of international migration. Answers are likely to refer to: Employment; Health care; Education; Joining family and friends; Entertainment; Availability of water/electricity; Food supplies; Drought/natural disasters; Persecution/war; Etc.
Note: no double credit for pulls and pushes.
Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Named parts of the chosen countries/areas, Population data etc.