O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/22 · Oct/Nov 2021 · Q38 Marks

Urbanisation is the increase in the percentage of the population living in towns and cities. Fig. 3.1 shows urbanisation in 2006 and in 2017 in countries with different incomes.

(a)Describe the changes in the urban population shown in Fig. 3.1. Do not use statistics in your answer.[3]
(b)Urbanisation can lead to urban sprawl and rapid development in the rural-urban fringe. Figs. 3.2 and 3.3 (Insert) show parts of the rural-urban fringe of an urban area in Africa. Give evidence from Figs. 3.2 and 3.3 which shows that urban sprawl is taking place. Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3[5]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] 3(a) increase in all types, high income countries small(est) increase/already urbanised, middle income countries large(est) increase/doubled, low income countries large(est) increase/doubled,
[5] 3(b) Fig. 3.2 construction (site)/area cleared (of vegetation), free space/unused areas (for development), motorway/main road/ring road/wide road/new road, sports ground/stadium/recreational area, golf course, residential, offices/factory, low rise/single storey/double storey, Fig. 3.3 shanty/informal settlement/poor quality/squatter/shacks/houses in poor condition/unstable houses, unplanned/randomly arranged/irregular pattern, dirt/sand/gravel/dusty/unbuilt/beginning to be tarred roads, (some) new/modern/brick/well-built houses (on right), main road/wide road (in background), Reserve one mark for each part.

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