Study Fig. 2.1, which is a map showing a rural area in Sierra Leone (an LEDC in Africa). Study Fig. 2.2, which shows three different rural settlement patterns. Content removed due to copyright restrictions.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Area of countryside/farmland/not built up etc. 1 mark
2. [2] Kenema = town in NW of area Gofor = village 8kms SW of Majihun 2 @ 1 mark
3. [3] General store (1 mark) Reasons such as; Small population/not many customers (for other services); It is viable/profitable/jeweller would not be able to make a profit; Low order/other services are higher order; It sells convenience goods; It will be used regularly/every few days etc (2 marks) Note: Only credit reasoning if correct service selected.
4. [4] Ideas such as: Konjo is far from Kenema/school is long distance from village/8 km away/takes too long to get to school; River has to be crossed; Long detour to the bridge/no direct tracks (roads); They have to travel along tracks/lack of availability of transport (or e.g.); Many parents will want their children to work on the land/do domestic work/look after elderly etc.; Most people will not be able to afford secondary education/transport to school; Reluctance to allow girls to attend school etc. 4 @ 1 mark
5. [3] A = Linear B = Dispersed C = Nucleated 3 @ 1 mark
6. [5] Ideas such as: relief; E.g. linear settlements are along valley/dispersed settlements on flat farmland/in mountainous areas (dev); transport/access; E.g. linear settlements along main roads/nucleated settlements at road junctions (dev) Rivers/bridging points of rivers; E.g. linear settlements in valleys/ nucleated where rivers can easily be crossed (dev) water availability; E.g. nucleated settlements around water sources etc. (dev) Land use/resource availability E.g. dispersed if farmland resource availability E.g. nucleated if mining area (dev) topography/hills: Defensive sites may lead to nucleated settlements (dev) 5 @ 1 mark or development Note: 1 Points can be credited for development or stand-alone ideas. 2 Development ideas are just examples and are not exhaustive 3 Only allow 1 × dev mark for each underlined idea
7. [7] Levels marking Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe and/or explain the characteristics of the Central Business District. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed or linked statements which describe and/or explain the characteristics of the Central Business District. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements which describe and explain the characteristics of the Central Business District. with some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: High rise Offices/businesses/examples High order shops/services/or e.g.s Specialist shops/examples Entertainment facilities/examples Traffic congestion Pedestrianised Statues/monuments Large sphere of influence High demand High cost land Good access etc. Note: High order service (L1) such as jeweller (L1)