(a) Study Fig. 7, a newspaper article about water shortages in the state of Maharashtra, in India (an LEDC). OVER 1000 VILLAGES DEPEND ON TANKERS OVER 1000 villages in the state have to depend on tankers for their water supply as their wells have dried up. The number of villages depending on tankers has nearly doubled since last May when 670 villages depended on tankers for water. Nearly 1143 villages now depend on government and private water tankers. The worst-affected part of the state is Marathwada where 584 villages draw water from tankers. The situation is likely to worsen in Marathwada — a drought-prone region — considering the rainy season is still about a month away. According to rainwater harvesting consultant Ajit Gokhale, low ground water levels are not the only reason for the increasing use of water tankers. “The heat and evaporation rate have increased. So, even if people do take measures to conserve water, the situation is not improving," said Gokhale. Of the 1071 tankers supplying the villages, only 407 are government tankers while the rest are private. Some villages get their water supply from rivers and streams but these are polluted. Fig. 7 (b) Study Photograph D (Insert), which shows part of the water treatment works at Yola in Nigeria (an LEDC), along with Fig. 8, a flow diagram. [Figure 8.0 (Flow diagram showing water treatment process at Yola, Nigeria, from River Benue to domestic and industrial use)] Fig. 8 (c) Water may be polluted by human activities. For a named example which you have studied, describe the causes and effects of pollution of a river, lake or sea area. Example chosen ..........................................................................................................................

1. (a)(i)Name the part of the state of Maharashtra where over 500 villages depend on tankers for their water supply.[1]
2. (a)(ii)State two other ways by which villages in Maharashtra obtain their water. 1 2[2]
3. (a)(iii)How do the following cause water supply problems: A Drought, B Increased evaporation, C River pollution?[3]
4. (a)(iv)Suggest methods which could be used to reduce water shortages.[4]
5. (b)(i)Describe how the water from the River Benue is processed at Yola water treatment works.[3]
6. (b)(ii)Explain the benefits to local people of the water treatment works.[5]
7. (c)Water may be polluted by human activities. For a named example which you have studied, describe the causes and effects of pollution of a river, lake or sea area. Example chosen ..........................................................................................................................[7]

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