Eight students wanted to find out more about people who lived in a squatter settlement which was near to their school in a city in Uttar Pradesh, India. The squatter settlement had grown rapidly in the last ten years, both in size and in the number of inhabitants. They decided to investigate the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Most people who live in the squatter settlement came to the city to look for a paid job. Hypothesis 2: Many of the people who live in the squatter settlement have paid jobs but they are poor people. The students decided that the best way to test their hypotheses was to ask some people who lived in the squatter settlement to give answers to a questionnaire. (a) Their first task was to produce their questionnaire. An example of a completed questionnaire is shown in Fig. 7 (Insert). [Figure 7]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(i) Method: Stratified sampling/Systematic Sampling/Random (1) OR description instead e.g. ask every 5th person, use random numbers (1)
2. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(i) Qualified/reason: To get an appropriate gender balance (1)
3. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(i) Qualified/reason: To get an appropriate age balance (1)
4. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(i) Qualified/reason: To avoid bias/fair test/valid. (1)
5. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(ii) Easier to deal with data if there is only four classifications/different ages not helpful (1)
6. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(ii) Means that respondents don't have to disclose their exact age/may lie (1)
7. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(ii) NOT Quicker. Easier must be qualified
8. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(iii) NOT Why did you come to this town or similar? Must be about MIGRATION
9. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(iii) Where did you come from?/Where were you born? (1) NOT Were you born here?
10. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(iii) How long have you lived in this city? (1)
11. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(iii) When did you move to the city? (1)
12. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(iii) How old were you when you migrated? (1)
13. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(iii) Did you migrate alone or with family/friends? (1)
14. [2 @ 1 = 2] (a)(iii) How did you travel to the city when you migrated here? (1)
15. [2 @ 1 = 2] (b)(i) Use ticks/crosses. Accurate completion of Fig. 2
16. [2 @ 1 = 2] (b)(i) One error = minus 1 mark; Two or more = 0
17. [2 @ 1 = 2] (b)(ii) To check that the questionnaire was producing appropriate answers (1)
18. [2 @ 1 = 2] (b)(ii) To check that everyone was completing the questionnaire in the same way/to compare progress so far (1)
19. [2 @ 1 = 2] (b)(ii) To agree methodology/To change methodology if not working/To improve method (1)
20. [2 @ 1 = 2] (b)(ii) Don't want to do all 25 questions each and then find out that the methodology is incorrect or has been applied in different ways (1)
21. [2 @ 1 = 2] (c)(i) Use ticks/crosses. Pie graph completion
22. [2 @ 1 = 2] (c)(i) 1 mark for plotting dividing line accurately at 95% or 91%
23. [2 @ 1 = 2] (c)(i) 1 mark for shading sectors – both must be correct
24. [1 + 2 = 3] (c)(ii) Hypothesis is incorrect/partially correct Tick HA Credit Data = 1 max but not compulsory. X if hypotheses stated as correct.
25. [1 + 2 = 3] (c)(ii) Biggest group/highest number of residents came to the city in search of a paid job (1)
26. [1 + 2 = 3] (c)(ii) but this group is only 36 out of 100 respondents (1)
27. [1 + 2 = 3] (c)(ii) Most people came to the city for different reasons (1) 64/100 (1)
28. [1 + 2 = 3] (c)(ii) Many people also moved for educational reasons (1) with 32/100 (1)
29. [2 @ 1 = 2] (d)(i) Bar graph completion: Use ticks/crosses. Dom. servants 15; plumbers 8.
30. [2 @ 1 = 2] (d)(i) 2 marks for accurate bar plots; ignore width and shading.
31. [2 @ 1 = 2] (d)(ii) Hypothesis correct (Tick HA) Data can be credited if supports H.
32. [2 @ 1 = 2] (d)(ii) The biggest groups had paid jobs e.g. shop owner, domestic help, rickshaw driver (1)
33. [2 @ 1 = 2] (d)(ii) because 73 of 100/70–75%/estimate ¼ respondents had paid jobs (1)
34. [2 @ 1 = 2] (d)(ii) Minority did not have paid jobs (unemployed, student, housewife) (1) with 27/100. (1)
35. [3 × 1 = 3] (e) NO MARK FOR Hypothesis; 1 reserve for Data; then 2 others. Written statements must be comparative; data should be compared as pairs.
36. [3 × 1 = 3] (e) Hypothesis is correct in that all 100 respondents (1) earned less when compared with the average income for the city in Uttar Pradesh (1) <50 000 with 54 000 (1)
37. [3 × 1 = 3] (e) Hypothesis partly correct because 27 out of 100 (1) had very low incomes compared with the city average (1) <20 000 with 54 000 (1) but some of the rest will be above Uttar Pradesh in the 20 000–50 000 category. (1)
38. [3 × 1 = 3] (e) Hypothesis incorrect because compared with the population of India as a whole many respondents probably earned above the national average (1) of 24 000 with 73/100 in 20000-50000 (1)
39. [1] (f)(i) An attempt to get a balanced sample/fair test. (1)
40. [1] (f)(i) Did not want to get too many men/women or old/young (1)
41. [1] (f)(i) Different patterns between male/female; age. (1)
42. [1] (f)(ii) Must relate to age/gender
43. [1] (f)(ii) More men than women moved to the city (1)
44. [1] (f)(ii) More old than young moved to the city (1)
45. [1] (f)(ii) The age of the migrants influences the jobs they have (1)
46. [1] (f)(ii) The gender of the migrants influences the jobs they have (1)
47. [1] (f)(ii) On average men earn more than women (1)
48. [1] (f)(ii) On average young earn more than old (1)
49. [2 @ 1 = 2] (f)(iii) Respondents may not want to divulge personal information (1)
50. [2 @ 1 = 2] (f)(iii) Earnings may be informal/not paying tax (1)
51. [2 @ 1 = 2] (f)(iii) Respondents might be suspicious of why asked/use of data (1)
52. [2 @ 1 = 2] (f)(iii) Income may vary/may not know what it is (1)
53. [2 @ 1 = 2] (f)(iii) Harder to categorise/graph (1)
54. [2 @ 1 = 2] (f)(iii) May lie/be ashamed (1)
55. [1 + 3 = 4] (g) MUST BE RELEVANT/OTHER i.e. not age/gender/jobs/migration. 1 mark for relevant choice plus 3 for fieldwork OTHER than questionnaire – 0 if suggest asking questions/interviews. NO MARKS IF CHOICE IS INAPPROPRIATE
56. [1 + 3 = 4] (g) e.g. Health/sanitation or quality of houses/quality of environment or education/ availability of services such as electricity, drinking water;
57. [1 + 3 = 4] (g) Carry out investigation by taking photographs,
58. [1 + 3 = 4] (g) Keep a diary,
59. [1 + 3 = 4] (g) Make a blog, video etc.
60. [1 + 3 = 4] (g) NOT Quality of life. Credit detail of suggested methods