A class of students in the UK wanted to investigate how the quality of the urban environment varied between different areas of their town. They decided to do an environmental quality survey. The students decided to focus their investigation on four types of land use: • industry • open space • residential (housing) • shops. They concentrated their investigation on the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: The quality of the urban environment varies between different types of land use. Hypothesis 2: The quality of the urban environment improves as distance from the town centre increases.

1. (a)The students selected 20 sites (including 5 of each land use) to do their environmental quality survey. At each chosen site there was one main land use. The sites varied in distance from the town centre. The location of the survey sites are shown on Fig. 8.1 below. [Figure 8.1] Complete Fig. 8.1 by marking on the location of two sites, O5 and R3, using the information below. Reference number Main land use Distance from town centre (km) Direction from town centre O5 Open space 4.5 south west R3 Residential 3.8 east north east[2]
2. (b)(i)Complete the Traffic category by writing the following descriptions in the correct order on Fig. 8.2. Traffic not moving with many parked vehicles Traffic moving slowly with many parked vehicles Traffic moving freely with few parked vehicles[1]
3. (b)(ii)Suggest advantages of using the reference sheet during the environmental quality survey.[2]
4. (b)(iii)The students agreed to work in four groups with each group doing the environmental quality surveys in one type of land use. Each group did their surveys at different times of the day. Why might this make the results less reliable?[1]
5. (b)(iv)Give two pieces of advice about safety which the students would be given by their teacher.[2]
6. (c)(i)The students needed to record the results of their environmental quality survey. In Fig. 8.3 below, draw a results sheet which they could use to record results at each site they visited. Environmental Quality Survey Results Sheet Site reference number ..................................... [Figure 8.3][3]
7. (c)(ii)The results of the environmental quality survey are shown in Table 8.1 (Insert). Use these results to complete the dispersion graph in Fig. 8.4 below. Plot the environmental quality score of: the residential site R1 the average (mean) value for industry. [Figure 8.4][2]
8. (c)(iii)The students' conclusion was that Hypothesis 1: The quality of the urban environment varies between different types of land use is true. Do you agree with this conclusion? Support your decision with evidence from Fig. 8.4 and Table 8.1.[4]
9. (c)(iv)Suggest reasons why there is variation in the quality of the environment between industrial sites in an urban area.[3]
10. (d)(i)Use the results in Table 8.1 to plot the environmental quality score of the shops site S5 on the scatter graph, Fig. 8.5, below. [Figure 8.5][1]
11. (d)(ii)The students made a conclusion that Hypothesis 2: The quality of the urban environment improves as distance from the town centre increases was false. Support this conclusion with evidence from Fig. 8.5 and Table 8.1.[3]
12. (e)Having completed their environmental quality survey the students learned that the scores varied between areas of the town. Suggest two ways that the local government could improve the environment of low-scoring areas. 1 2..[2]
13. (f)One group of students wanted to do some extension work to find out the opinions of local people about the environment at the sites they had visited. Describe a fieldwork method the students could use to find out people's opinions.[4]

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