(a) Study Fig. 3, which shows the number of shops and services in different sized settlements in a rural region of France (an MEDC). [Figure 3.0 (Bar chart showing average number of shops and services vs. number of people living in settlement)] Fig. 3 (b) Study Photographs A and B (Insert), which show services in an urban area in Nigeria (an LEDC). (c) Many settlements have grown over the years into large urban areas. For a named example of a large settlement, explain the reasons for its growth. Name of large settlement..

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2011). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a) (i) Greater average number of shops in settlements of more than 2000 people/13 in settlements of more than 2000 but 4 in settlements with less than 500
2. [2] (a) (ii) Low order services such as: newsagent; church; general store; primary school; post office/post box; corner shop; bakery/baker shop; green grocers/grocery shop; mobile library; bus stop/service; doctor/clinic; butcher; etc.
3. [3] (a) (iii) Ideas such as: small threshold population; small sphere of influence; located in settlements of all sizes/small settlements; they may sell convenience goods/low cost items; they are likely to be used frequently; people do not travel far to use them; etc.
4. [3] (b) (i) Ideas such as: small shop; people who use it will live nearby; the shop will not have much choice of goods/limited range of goods; it will sell low order goods/convenience goods; people will not travel far to buy the goods sold; there are shops selling similar goods in all parts of the urban area; etc.
5. [4] (b) (ii) Ideas such as: it is a high order service/specialist; which needs a large threshold population/needs a lot of people to keep it in business; more potential customers live in large urban areas/small settlements don't have enough customers; they have large sphere of influence; which may include other smaller settlements; better access for customers; in a LEDC richer people live there; etc.
6. [5] (b) (iii) Ideas such as: high rise buildings; high order services; high density land use/little open space; specialist shops/services; selling comparison goods; e.g. jeweller/shoe shops/clothes shops etc. (MAX 1 examples of types of shops); well served by public transport; sometimes pedestrianised; main theatres/cinemas/restaurants; shopping malls/shopping centres; offices; easy access/transport hub; high cost of land; lots of traffic congestion/busy roads; government buildings or examples; universities/colleges; etc.
7. [7] (c) Levels marking; Level 1 (1-3 marks): Statements including limited detail on reasons for growth of settlement. (e.g. good roads, flat land, water available/close to a river etc.); Level 2 (4–6 marks): Uses named example; More developed statements on reasons for growth of settlement. (e.g. focus of routes/route centre; good roads enabled growth of industry; flat land which was above flood plain; bridging point of river etc.); (NB MAX 5 if no named example); Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example (e.g. Liverpool). Comprehensive and accurate statements on reasons for growth of named settlement including some place specific reference. (e.g. Liverpool is a port; located on estuary of Mersey river; deep water anchorage; sheltered anchorage; space for expansion of warehouse facilities; opposite side of Atlantic to USA encouraged trade; hinterland of industrial towns/cotton manufacturing; well developed road/rail communications; impact of Manchester Ship Canal etc.)