(a) Study Fig. 1, which shows birth rates and death rates in Niger (an LEDC) and Australia (an MEDC). Niger [Figure 1.0 (Graph showing birth rate and death rate for Niger from 1955-2005)] Australia [Figure 1.0 (Graph showing birth rate and death rate for Australia from 1955-2005)] Fig. 1 (b) Study Fig. 2, which shows the relationship between the average number of births per woman and the percentage of girls in secondary education. [Figure 2.0 (Scatter plot showing average number of births per woman vs. percentage of girls in secondary education for various countries)] Fig. 2 (c) Name an example of a country which has attracted large numbers of international migrants. Explain the pull factors which have attracted people to your chosen country. Country chosen ..........................................................................................................................

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2011). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] (a) (i) 54 per 1000
2. [2] (a) (ii) Birth rate = 14–16 per 1000; Death rate = 5-6 per 1000; Natural population growth rate = 8-11 per 1000; 1 mark for identification of correct BR/DR; 1 mark for correct answer
3. [3] (a) (iii) Ideas such as: better treatment of diseases/or examples/medicines/drugs etc.; more/better/improved health care /or examples/hospitals/clinics etc.; more doctors/nurses; vaccination; improved diet/increased food production; enough/better water supply/clean safe drinking water; improved hygiene/sanitation; awareness of/education about e.g. AIDS/hygiene; increased aid from MEDCs; etc.
4. [4] (a) (iv) Ideas such as : theatre groups/road shows to educate re dangers of unprotected sex; poster campaigns/TV adverts; issuing of condoms/use condoms; legislation against prostitution; free syringe exchange for drug addicts/use clean/new needles; careful screening of blood transfusions/avoid contact with blood; reduce needs for migrant workers/legislation; better health treatment to reduce early deaths from diseases to which AIDS victims are less resistant; cut price of drugs being developed to slow the growth of the AIDS virus/invent a cure/drug; education about dangers/safe sex/signs to look for; regular health checks/screening/testing; etc.
5. [3] (b) (i) Negative relationship/correlation/higher number of births per woman lower percentage of girls in secondary education/or vice versa; Reserve 1 mark.; e.g. Mali 7 births and 5% of girls in education; China 1.7 births and 60% of girls in secondary education; Canada 1.2 births and 100% of girls in secondary education; N.B: Candidates can use any countries to illustrate relationship with correct figures. Any anomaly or exception can be accepted.
6. [5] (b) (ii) Ideas such as: can get a job or examples/start a business; so they can earn more money/so they can afford to educate children/feed family/improve standard of living/quality of life (DEV); to get out of poverty/break cycle of poverty; educated women will be better able to care for their families/be aware of better nutrition/healthcare (DEV); improve skills/qualifications; country will become more wealthy/contribute to GDP/higher GDP; reduce spread of AIDS/HIV; snowball effect – more likely to educate their own children; population growth rates are lower when women are educated/as they are more likely to practise family planning(DEV); women will have gender equality/there will be less discrimination; women will have the option to contribute to political affairs/decision making;
7. [7] (c) Levels marking; Level 1 (1–3 marks): Statements which identify pull factors in limited detail. (e.g. jobs, good services, food, education, safety etc.); Level 2 (4–6 marks): Uses named example; More developed statements which explain reasons for international migration. (e.g. jobs in formal sector/ where they can work in service sector/factories, greater access to schools/hospitals/clinics, can buy food from shops rather than rely on unproductive farmland etc.); (NB MAX 5 if no named example); Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example (e.g. Germany). Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. (e.g. people were employed in rebuilding cities like Dresden after World War 2, good access to schools/hospitals/clinics in large urban area like Cologne, they do not have to produce food as supplies are imported etc.)