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O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/23 · Oct/Nov 2017 · Q830 Marks

Students in India wanted to find out more about people who had migrated to the city of Jaipur from within India and lived in squatter settlements made up of homemade shelters on pavements or next to roads. The students decided to test the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: More migrants who live in the squatter settlement came from the area around Jaipur than areas further away. Hypothesis 2: The quality of life of residents in the squatter settlement is poor.

  1. (a)(i)To investigate the hypotheses the students used a questionnaire with 10% of the residents of the squatter settlements. Describe a sampling method for how the students could choose people to complete the questionnaire. Explain why you have chosen this method. Name of sampling method Description of method Explanation for choice[3]
  2. (a)(ii)Explain why a 10% sample (300 people) is an appropriate number of residents to answer the questionnaire.[2]
  3. (b)(i)The questionnaire is shown in Fig. 14 (Insert). The results of Question 1 (Which state did you come from when you moved to Jaipur?) are shown in Table 4 (Insert). Complete Fig. 15 below by plotting the data for Gujarat. [Figure 15][1]
  4. (b)(ii)Suggest one other suitable method to display the results of Question 1 on a map of India.[1]
  5. (b)(iii)What is the correct conclusion about Hypothesis 1: More migrants who live in the squatter settlement came from the area around Jaipur than areas further away? Support your answer with evidence from Fig. 15 and Table 4.[3]
  6. (b)(iv)Suggest reasons for the pattern of migration shown in Fig. 15.[2]
  7. (c)(i)To investigate Hypothesis 2: The quality of life of residents in the squatter settlement is poor, the students used the results of Questions 2, 3 and 4 in their questionnaire. The students plotted their results of Question 2 (Where do you get most of your water from?) and Question 3 (What is your main method of lighting?) in pie graphs shown in Figs. 16A and 16B below. Use the data in Table 5 (Insert) to complete the pie graph in Fig. 16A. [Figure 16A][3]
  8. (c)(ii)In Fig. 16B what percentage of residents have no lighting?[1]
  9. (c)(iii)The answers to Question 4 (How do you dispose of your rubbish?) are shown in Table 6 (Insert). Plot the result for 'Throw it on the road' in Fig. 17 below. [Figure 17][1]
  10. (c)(iv)The students decided that Hypothesis 2: The quality of life of residents in the squatter settlement is poor was true. Support this decision with information from Figs. 16A, 16B and 17.[4]
  11. (d)(i)The answers to Question 5 (What is the job of the main income earner in the family?) are shown in Table 7 (Insert). Use the results to complete Fig. 18 below. [Figure 18][3]
  12. (d)(ii)Why do the jobs shown in Fig. 18 help to support the students' conclusion that residents in the squatter settlement have a poor quality of life?[2]
  13. (e)To extend their work the students discussed ways to solve the problem of people living on pavements or next to roads. They suggested two possible solutions which are shown in Fig. 19 below. [Figure 19] Explain why solution A is better for people living on pavements or next to roads than solution B.[4]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

  1. [3] 8(a)(i) Systematic sampling Ask every tenth person / go to every tenth house / regular pattern to identify people Avoid bias / fair test / quick method / reliable OR Random sampling Use random numbers to identify people / ask next person they meet Random numbers avoids bias / fair test / quick method / reliable OR Stratified / quota Ask appropriate age / gender balance / get representative sample of population (can be describe or explain) Avoids bias / fair test / reliable
  2. [2] 8(a)(ii) 10% is enough for a reliable / representative sample / fewer will not be reliable Enough responses to reach a conclusion about the hypotheses Larger sample will take too long / too much time (to complete / to do) Too many responses will be time-consuming to compute / process / total up / plot on graphs / produce too much data to analyse
  3. [1] 8(b)(i) Shading 11-20 category in Gujarat
  4. [1] 8(b)(ii) Flow lines / located bar graphs
  5. [3] 8(b)(iii) Hypothesis is correct / true - 1 mark reserve Most migrants come from Rajasthan OR More from Rajasthan / Madhya Pradesh / Uttar Pradesh / Haryana than another named state, e.g. more from Madhya Pradesh than West Bengal Credit comparative data to 1 mark maximum, e.g. 21-50 from Madhya Pradesh and 0 from Tamil Nadu More than 100 from Rajasthan and 1-10 from Bihar Credit 'only' with statistics as comparison statement, and credit statistics (so 2 marks) No credit if response says hypothesis is false / partly true If no hypothesis conclusion in response credit evidence
  6. [2] 8(b)(iv) Less distance / closer to / less time to travel from neighbouring / nearby states Cheaper to travel from neighbouring / nearby states / cannot afford to travel long distance More transport links / easier access from neighbouring / nearby states Migrants have more knowledge / know people / have relatives / speak local language of Jaipur in neighbouring states There will be other large cities to attract migrants in other states Can credit 'opposite' ideas from distant states
  7. [3] 8(c)(i) Completion of pie graph – shops = 25%, hand pumps = 11%, wells = 10% 2 marks for dividing lines at 77 and 88, 1 mark for shading
  8. [1] 8(c)(ii) 13%–15%
  9. [1] 8(c)(iii) Plot bar 'Throw it on the road' = 13%
  10. [4] 8(c)(iv) 1 mark for each: water / lighting / rubbish No mains water supply Most / over half / main source of water from public taps Water comes from public sources / do not have their own water / piped water / do not have water in their houses Water must be collected which takes time Water sources spread disease / contaminated water No electric lighting / no electricity Lighting is unreliable 45% / nearly half have no light of their own Main source of light is kerosene lamps No rubbish collection / waste management / rubbish disposal / no hygienic way of waste disposal Rubbish near to settlement Rubbish will attract vermin / spread disease Settlement is unclean / unhygienic Main method of rubbish disposal is to leave it next to shelter Credit 1 mark maximum for data (1% tolerance on stats), e.g. 52% depend on public taps 42-43% depend on kerosene lamps 42% dump rubbish on waste ground
  11. [3] 8(d)(i) Divided bar graph completion: construction worker = 24%, making and selling items = 12%, blacksmith = 10% 2 marks for plotting dividing lines, 1 mark for correct labelling of sections 2 marks maximum if measured from 46% down
  12. [2] 8(d)(ii) Jobs will be poorly paid / low wages Informal / unskilled jobs / need no education / qualifications Unreliable wages Hard / manual labour / dirty job
  13. [4] 8(e) Solution A Will improve housing / services / create living spaces / provide a house / provide a shelter Create good standard of living / good quality of life / provide basic needs People can afford decent house / services Reduce disease / hygienic / clean environment / healthy environment / improve health Safe - if developed, e.g. from robbery Solution B Will force people out of their accommodation / force them to move away / nowhere to live Will just transfer the squatter settlement residents elsewhere May lead to conflict with authorities / violence People end up where they started / end back on pavement / not a permanent solution Answer does not need to be comparative Accept answers for A which are a reversal of B, e.g. Solution A will not force people to move out of their houses Credit if the answer says 'it' rather than solution A

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About this question

Topic
Population and settlement, O-Level Geography (syllabus 2217). Structured question, 30 marks.
Source
O-Level Geography, Oct/Nov 2017 Paper 2 Variant 3, question 8.

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