Students in Cascais, Portugal, were investigating differences in their local shopping area. They did fieldwork in three shopping areas: • the CBD of the town; • a suburban (neighbourhood) shopping centre located 3km away from the CBD; • an out-of-town shopping centre located 10km from the CBD. Some students decided to test the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: There will be differences between the types of shops and services located in the three shopping areas. Hypothesis 2: The number of people who are shopping will decrease further away from the CBD.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1 + 1 = 2] Many shops/services to plot (1)
2. Sections of pie chart would be very small/many less than 1%/unplottable/many segments/some are zero (1)
3. Problem of shading/colouring different segments/key too long (1)
4. Pie charts would be too complicated to compare/hard to read/confusing (1)
5. Difficult to create any sensible groups/not in categories or groups (1)
6. Take a long time to calculate size of slices/plot (1)
7. [1 + 1 = 2] Hair & beauty salon = E
8. Jewellers = A
9. [1] Comparison
10. [1 + 1 = 2] Pie chart completion must be clockwise in order of completed pies/key.
11. Group D = 28% (plot must be at 68% clockwise by eye OR within 113-118 range of degrees from vertical using protractor tool – ideal is 115 degrees) (1)
12. Shading (including the correct diagonal) must match key. (1)
13. Credit 1 for shading if the plot is wrong but the larger slice is correct diagonal and the smaller slice has small crosses
14. [1 + 1] Note: the candidates are told the hypothesis is true; no need for decision in response.
15. Comparative statements to maximum of 2 marks and use of comparative data to maximum of 2 marks. Comparison can be given from perspective of any centre
16. example from suburban centre below. Statements must be linked to relevant stats for
17. Group A/(One type/more expensive) – Smaller percentage/less in suburban centre (1)
18. with 8 compared to 21 and 20 (1)
19. Group B/(Variety/cheaper) - Larger percentage/more in suburban centre (1) with 25
20. compared to 14 and 11 (1)
21. Group C/(Food) – Larger percentage/more in suburban centre (1) with 16 compared to 4
22. and 5 (1)
23. Group D/(Clothes) – Smaller percentage/less in suburban centre (1) with 16 compared to
24. 28 and 33 (1)
25. Group E/(Services) – All three are similar/suburban larger or more (1) with 35 compared
26. to others at 32 (1)
27. [2 x 1 + 1 = 4]
28. [1 + 1 = 2] Different types of transport available (1)
29. Distances prepared to travel (1)
30. Demand/need for different types of goods/services OR food or convenience shops close
31. to residents (1)
32. Amount of population/likely customer base/threshold population (1)
33. Wealth/income/salaries/spending patterns of customer base (1)
34. Cost of running shop or service in each centre (1)
35. Amount of land available/space for building (1)
36. [1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4] Plan:
37. When to do count/do at same time (1)
38. Where to do count/location of counting points (1)
39. How long to do each count for (1)
40. How many different counting points to have (1)
41. Individuals or pairs/groups (1)
42. How many times to do count per day (1)
43. Whether to do count on same day/more than one day/weekday/weekend (1)
44. Carry out
45. Tally method/'clicker' (1)
46. Timing of count/use a watch (1)
47. Jobs of student in each group e.g. two students do each count/count
48. people going in different directions (1)
49. Record the data in a table/use recording sheet (1)
50. Mark 2 sections as whole i.e. credit Plan answers in Carry out or reverse
51. [1] 109-111 (110 is best answer)
52. [1R + 1R + 1R = 3] Candidates are told the hypothesis is partly true so no need for their own decision. Need
53. one statement supporting decrease and 1 supporting increase plus 1 set of data. Answer
54. within tolerance/range given below allowed as statistic mark as reading from graph only.
55. Evidence examples
56. Supports decrease: Decrease from CBD to suburban centre/3km (1reserve and max))
57. from 76 to 13-15/down 61-63 (1)
58. Supports increase: Increase from suburban centre/3km to mall/10km (1 reserve and
59. max) from 13-15 to 109-111/up 94-98 (1)
60. OR Increase from CBD to mall/10km (1 reserve and max) from 76 to 109-111/up 33-35
61. (1)
62. 1 mark max/reserve for use of 1 pair of data; 2 reserve marks for two statements
63. [1 + 1 = 2] Count done at different times of day (1)
64. Differences in weather encourage/discourage people to go shopping (1)
65. [1] Collected by other people/not collected by students themselves/ already
66. collected/collected before/second hand.
67. [1] Same pattern of results as those of students' fieldwork (1)
68. Number in suburban centre lower and number at mall higher than CBD (1)
69. [1] Area served by a settlement or service
70. [1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4] Questionnaire/survey/interview/ask questions (1)
71. Sampling methodology to select people to complete questionnaire/choosing areas to
72. carry out survey (1)
73. Questions such as:
74. In which area do you live?/Which area have you come from? (1)
75. How far have you travelled? (1)
76. What method of transport have you used today? (1)
77. How frequently do you come here? (1)
78. Why do you come here? (1)
79. Credit other methods such as questionnaire in surrounding villages, mapping
80. bus routes, mapping store delivery area, mapping desire/flow lines, mapping the sphere
81. of influence.