O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2016 · Q225 Marks

Study Fig. 3, which shows information about Berlin, a city in Germany (an MEDC in Europe). [Figure 3]

(a)(i)Put the following districts of Berlin in rank order according to the percentage of the population who use bicycles as a form of transport. Charlottenburg Hellersdorf Kreuzberg 1st highest 2nd 3rd lowest[1]
(a)(ii)On Fig. 3, shade the following areas using the key provided: – Marzahn: less than 6% of the population use bicycles; – Tempelhof: 6–10% of the population use bicycles.[2]
(a)(iii)Using evidence from Fig. 3, describe the variation in the percentage of the population using bicycles in Berlin. Refer to different areas and use statistics in your answer.[3]
(a)(iv)Give the advantages of using bicycles to reduce the problems caused by traffic congestion in urban areas.[4]
(b)(i)Using evidence from Fig. 4 only, compare the percentage of the total population using cars and buses in 1990 and 2010. Include statistics in your answer.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain how public transport can be developed to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas.[5]
(c)Another issue faced by planners in many urban areas is urban sprawl. For an urban area you have studied, describe the impacts of urban sprawl. Name of urban area[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) Kreuzburg.....Charlottenburg....Hellersdorf All 3 needed
[2] (ii) On map
Marzahn = dots
Tempelhof = horizontal lines
[3] (iii) Ideas such as:
Uneven distribution;
Greater percentage close to centre;
E.g. Kreuzberg/Prenzlauerberg 21–25% (highest) whereas Spandau/Kopenick/Tempelhof/Hellersdorf/Hohenschonhausen/Reinickendorf/Lichtenberg/ Wedding/Marzahn less than 10% (lowest);
OR any statistic comparing the central area with the outer area not using names of areas e.g. mainly 20% and above in the centre and 6–10% on the edges; etc
Lower percentage in outer areas/edge of city/suburbs;
Especially NW/SE;
Note: Reserve 1 mark for comparative statistics.
[4] (iv) Advantages such as:
reduces amount of vehicles being used/reduces traffic jams;
no need to use large parking areas;
no/less emissions/air pollution/smog/haze/fumes;
not using fossil fuels;
low cost method of transport/cheaper;
healthy/exercise/breathing problems reduced;
no noise pollution;
can fit more on roads;
get to places quicker;
etc
[3] (b) (i) Ideas such as:
increase in use of cars;
decrease in use of buses;
use of statistics to back up one of above points (max 1) cars were 19/20 in 1990 and 26/27 in 2010/buses were 35/36 in 1990 and 24/25 in 2010/ (can accept increased or decreased by cars is 6, 7 or 8% buses is –10 or –11% or 12% depending on statistics used);
in 1990 they used more buses than cars but in 2010 they used more cars than buses;
in 1990 35/36 buses compared with 19/20 cars but in 2010 26/27 cars compared with 24/25 buses;
[5] (ii) Ideas such as;
more bus routes can be created; so each part of the city has a route going out of it (dev);
more frequent services bus/rail;
more railways built;
development of metro/tram network/underground/monorail;
creation of park and ride;
bus only lanes/taxi lanes;
ferries;
electronic ticketing e.g. Oyster card idea;
bigger buses/longer/more carriages on trains;
etc
[7] (c) Levels marking
Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe the impacts of urban sprawl.
Level 2 (4-6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe the impacts of urban sprawl. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example)
Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements, with some place specific reference.
Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Deforestation/loss of vegetation/loss of farmland; Impacts on ecosystems/food chains; Traffic congestion; Atmospheric pollution; Water pollution; Noise pollution; Visual pollution; House prices increasing/land values; Growth of shanty towns; etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Locational details, Specific details of transport/communication network, Named businesses etc. Note: Can be LEDC or MEDC. Impacts must be about urban sprawl not just urban areas in general e.g. unemployment/crime. Ideas can be positive or negative.