O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2016 · Q225 Marks

Study Fig. 3, which shows information about housing areas in Lagos, a city in Nigeria (an LEDC in Africa). [Figure 3.0]

(a)(i)What is the distance from the CBD of Lagos to Ikeja? __________ km[1]
(a)(ii)In which two of the following directions is Lagos expanding? Circle your answers from the list below. north north east north-north west south-south east south west west[2]
(a)(iii)Using evidence from Fig. 3 only, name the area that you think has the best housing conditions. Justify your answer. Name of area Justification[3]
(a)(iv)Growing urban areas like Lagos experience traffic congestion. Describe four methods which are used to manage traffic congestion. 1 2 3 4[4]
(b)(i)Using evidence from Fig. 4 only, compare the growth in the percentage of population living in urban areas in Africa and Europe. Include statistics in your answer.[3]
(b)(ii)Suggest reasons for the migration of population from rural to urban areas in LEDCs.[5]
(c)For a named town or city you have studied, describe the impact of urbanisation on the people who live there. Name of town or city[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] 15-20 (kms) or any single figure or range of values within this or could allow e.g. 15–25 (kms) as the first figure is in the acceptable range
[2] West North north west
[3] Accept Ikeja or Ikoyi (no mark) Note: No named area (or area chosen is incorrect) = 0 Evidence such as: All/100% of houses have flush toilets; All/100% of houses have piped water; No houses have to share kitchen/all houses have a kitchen; 4 houses per hectare (Ikoyi)/1 person per room (Ikoyi)/2.5 people per room (Ikeja)/35 people/ha (Ikoyi)/175 people/ha (Ikeja);
[4] Methods such as: ring road/by-pass; metro/underground/tube; congestion charges/high parking prices/ERP(Electronic Road Pricing); number plate policies; traffic signals/police patrols/robots; increased no. of buses/bus lanes/cheaper buses; cycle lanes/places to park bikes; park & ride; widen roads/more roads/more bridges/underpass; one way systems etc.
[3] Ideas such as: Both have increased In Africa growth is more rapid than Europe; Reserve 1 mark for statistics backing up a comparative statement e.g. growth from 40% to 53% in Africa by 2030 compared with 74% to 80% in Europe or giving % change for both; Year Africa Europe % change 1950 14 52 2000 40 74 26 22 2030 53 80 13 6 Note: Tolerance of ±1
[5] Ideas such as (e.g. in rural areas); Lack of employment; Poor/few/no hospitals/clinics; Poor schools/universities/education; Lack of entertainment; Lack of electricity; Lack of piped water; Poor sanitation/hygiene; Food scarcity; Drought etc. Note: Can be either rural or urban areas, so either push or pull factors. Candidates do not need to state whether they are writing about rural or urban areas.
[7] Levels marking Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describes the impact of urbanization on people who live in the town or city. Level 2 (4-6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe the impact on people who live in the town or city. (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate with some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to impacts such as; Crime rates; unemployment, pressure on space/housing/homeless; traffic issues; impacts on people of pollution of water/air pressure on schools/healthcare Job creation/wealth creation (Note can credit positive effects) Building of services or e.g. Note: Accept impacts on squatter settlements Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Named parts of the urban area, Locational details etc.