O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2016 · Q125 Marks

Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the percentage of the world's population in each continent between 1800 and 2050. [Figure 1.0]

(a)(i)State which continent has the greatest percentage of the world's population.[1]
(a)(ii)Name the continent where: - the percentage of the world's population decreased between 1900 and the year 2000; - the percentage of the world's population is likely to increase the most between 2000 and 2050.[2]
(a)(iii)Explain why natural population growth is still high in many LEDCs.[3]
(a)(iv)Some countries are over-populated whilst others are under-populated. Explain fully what is meant by over-population and under-population. Over-population Under-population[4]
(b)(i)Identify a physical factor which explains why each of the areas shown in Photographs A, B and C is sparsely populated. You should choose a different physical factor for each photograph. Photograph A Photograph B Photograph C[3]
(b)(ii)Suggest how factors, other than physical factors, may contribute to low population densities in the areas such as those shown in the photographs.[5]
(c)Name an example of a country from which large numbers of people have migrated. Describe the positive and negative impacts of this migration on the named country which they have left. Name of country[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2016). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Asia
[2] Europe Africa
[3] Ideas such as: High birth rates/large families/lots of children/many children/births exceed deaths/high fertility rates; Any reason for high birth rates (MAX 1); reducing/low death rates/increasing life expectancy; Any reason for reducing/low death rates (MAX 1);
[4] 2 x 2 marks 1 mark for a simple definition. 2 marks for a developed definition e.g. over-population is when there are too many people/ more people than resources (1 mark) overpopulation is when there are too many people so there are not enough resources to go round/not enough resources to sustain all people/people exceed the carrying capacity (2 marks) under-population is when there are not enough people living in a country/less people than resources (1 mark) under-population is when there are not enough people to fully exploit the resources/there are surplus resources (2 marks)
[3] A = Highland/mountains/hills/no flat land/steep slopes/rocky/thin soil/cold B = No water/lack of water/dry/drought/desert/arid conditions/sandy soil poor for crops C = Marshy land/swamps/muddy/waterlogged/(likelihood of) flooding/mosquitoes Note: a different factor should be used for each photograph.
[5] Ideas such as: Lack of roads/railways/transport routes; Access is very difficult; Isolation/remoteness/long distance from other settlements (or services); Lack of resources; Low level of employment/no jobs; Lack of government investment; Conservation of natural environment/National Park Wars/persecution; Land is used for farming/agriculture etc.
[7] Levels marking Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which describe the positive and/or negative impacts of migration on country migrants have moved from e.g. loss of workers. Level 2 (4-6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which describe the positive and/or negative impacts of migration on country migrants have moved from. e.g. loss of skilled workers (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements which describe the positive and negative impacts (even if either positive or negative impacts at L1 only) of migration on country migrants have moved from including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: remittances/money brought back loss of skilled workers impacts on population structure social impacts less pressure on health care and education impact on food supplies creates employment Note: Can credit loss of workers and employment opportunities impact on defence/army Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Named parts of the chosen country/locational detail, population data etc.