O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/22 · Oct/Nov 2014 · Q830 Marks

Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were studying population migration. They decided to do a fieldwork investigation about migration into their country.

(a)(i)Define the following terms: immigration emigration[2]
(a)(ii)Explain the difference between 'push' factors and ‘pull' factors.[2]
(b)(i)Students found some secondary data which showed that many people who live and work in Saudi Arabia have come from other countries. What is meant by secondary data? Give one example of secondary data.[2]
(b)(ii)Table 3 below shows information about the population of Saudi Arabia. Table 3 Population information Born in Saudi Arabia 79% Migrated to Saudi Arabia 21% Use this data to complete the pie chart, Fig. 12 below. [Figure 12][2]
(c)(i)The students produced a questionnaire to help in testing these hypotheses. The questionnaire is shown in Fig. 13 (Insert). Complete the age group missing from the questionnaire in the table below. Age group 16–30 51–70[1]
(c)(ii)The students wanted to use the questionnaire with their families. Why did their teacher suggest that this would be an inappropriate sampling method to collect data?[2]
(c)(iii)Name a suitable sampling method for the students' survey. Briefly describe this sampling method. Name of sampling method Description[2]
(c)(iv)Why did their teacher also suggest that they should ask the question ‘Have you migrated to Saudi Arabia to get a job?' before using the questionnaire?[2]
(d)(i)Table 4 (Insert) shows the results of Question 1 in the questionnaire. Use the results from Table 4 to plot the number of servants in Fig. 14 below. [Figure 14][1]
(d)(ii)The students made a conclusion that their results did support Hypothesis 1: Most people migrate to Saudi Arabia to get highly paid, skilled jobs. Do you agree with their conclusion? Support your decision with evidence from Fig. 14.[4]
(e)(i)To investigate Hypothesis 2: Most migrants to Saudi Arabia come from MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries), the students decided to plot the answers to Question 2 in the questionnaire on the flow line map, Fig. 15 opposite. Plot the information in Table 5 below onto Fig. 15 (opposite). Table 5 Question 2: Which country did you migrate from when you came to Saudi Arabia? Country Number of migrants Canada 2 Pakistan 6[2]
(e)(ii)Why is the flow line map in Fig. 15 an appropriate method to show this data?[2]
(e)(iii)Does Fig. 15 agree with Hypothesis 2: Most migrants to Saudi Arabia come from MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries)? Use evidence from Fig. 15 to support your decision.[4]
(f)One student thought that there might be a relationship between the types of job which migrants did and the country they came from. She randomly selected 20 results from the questionnaire. These are shown in Table 6 (Insert). Describe the relationship shown by these results.[2]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1 + 1 = 2] (a) (i) 1. Move into/to a country
2. Move out/exit/from a country
[1 + 1 =2] (ii) Push: reasons that make people want/force people to leave an area / country OR negative factors
Pull: reasons that attract people to an area / country OR positive factors.
[1 + 1 = 2] (b) (i) Collected from other sources/collected by others / already available / not collected by self / second hand (1)
e.g. books / internet / data table / newspaper / documents (1)
[1 + 1 = 2] (ii) Plot of dividing line clockwise at 79% (NOT 21%) (1)
Correct shading with largest slice cross-hatch/smallest crosses (1)
[1] (c) (i) 31–50
[1 + 1 = 2] (ii) Examples
Answers may be biased (1)
Answers would be similar/from same area/not representative (1)
Students already know the answers (1)
Inappropriate / unbalanced age/income structure (1)
Would involve least effort by student (1)
[1 + 1 = 2] (iii) Example
Systematic / random / stratified (1 Reserve mark for naming one of these)
Description mark must relate to type chosen e.g.
Systematic
Use questionnaire with every tenth person (1)
Use questionnaire at regular intervals (1)
Random
Use questionnaire with next available person/any person/first person see/ no pattern to choosing people (1)
Use random number table to generate order to ask people (1)
Stratified
Get equal / proportional number of male / female of different age groups (1)
Get equal / proportional number of different socio-economic groups (1)
[1 + 1 = 2] (iv) Examples
Students only want to ask migrants who have come to work (1)
Migrants may have moved for other reasons than work (1)
Hypothesis/questionnaire is for migrants (1)
Many people they approach will not be migrants (1)
Not waste time (1)
To introduce purpose of questionnaire (1)
[1] (d) (i) Plot Servants bar at 7; ignore shading/width
[1 HA + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4] (ii) NO / disagree / conclusion is incorrect (1 mark reserve)
Incorrect evidence:
Most jobs are not highly paid/skilled OR most highly paid jobs have fewer people (1)
72%/36 jobs are not highly paid or skilled (1)
Only 28%/14 are highly paid or skilled (1)
Two specific examples of these jobs at 1 mark each to max 2
10 maids or 20% is large percentage not highly paid/skilled (1)
Finance manager only 2%/1 highly paid/skilled (1)
[1 + 1 = 2] (e) (i) Completion of flow lines on Fig. 8. Mark width at start of arrow.
Canada = 2, Pakistan = 6
[1 + 1 = 2] (ii) Examples: Allow 1 max for general references to map>technique
Technique (up to 2 marks)
(Arrows) shows direction of movement (1)
(Width of base/start of arrow) shows number/how many migrants move (1)
Arrows taper to a point so they don't overlap (1)
General map points to 1 Max
Shows information from different countries (1)
Shows information on MEDCs and LEDCs (1)
Easy to read/use/understand/interpret (1)
[1 HA + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4] (iii) NO / does not agree with hypothesis (1 mark reserve TICK/CROSS HA)
Evidence
Least migrants from MEDCs/ most migrants from LEDCs (1)
Only 8-10 migrants from MEDCs / 40–42 migrants from LEDCs (1)
MEDCS OR Australia/UK/Canada USA provide 4 or less each (1)
LEDCs provide at least 3 each (1)
Credit named MEDC / LEDC with data/evidence to 2 marks max e.g.
Australia is an MEDC but only 1/lowest number from there (1)
Most/10 migrants come from India which is an LEDC (1)
SEE TABLE BELOW FOR SPECIFIC FIGURES USED ON MAP
[1 + 1 = 2] (f) Examples
General statements (up to 2 marks)
Lower paid / less skilled jobs mainly done by migrants from LEDCs (1)
Higher paid / more skilled jobs done by migrants from MEDCs (1)
LEDC migrants do jobs such as cleaner, maid, servant, waiter, construction site worker (at least two) (1)
MEDC migrants do jobs such as finance manager, IT, nurse, oil engineer, sales manager, teacher (at least two) (1)
Specific interpretation of countries/jobs (1 max)
Exception of only 1 I.T. consultant from India (1)
2 out of 3 maids from Sri Lanka but only 1 cleaner (1)