O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2014 · Q225 Marks

Study Fig. 3, which shows Luzon, the main island of the Philippines (LEDC). [Figure 2.1]

(a)(i)Name the capital city of the Philippines.[1]
(a)(ii)Using Fig. 3, give two pieces of evidence which suggest that the most densely populated area in Luzon has the most services.[2]
(a)(iii)Explain why large numbers of people live in squatter settlements in cities in LEDCs.[3]
(a)(iv)Describe four ways to improve the housing in squatter settlements.[4]
(b)(i)Give three pieces of evidence from Photograph A that the area is part of the CBD.[3]
(b)(ii)Photograph B shows a large shopping mall outside the CBD. Suggest reasons why the mall was located outside the CBD of Maseru rather than in it.[5]
(c)For a named example of a settlement you have studied, identify its main function and explain the reasons for its growth. Name of settlement Main function[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) Manila; 1 mark
[2] (a)(ii) (All) railway lines lead there; Airport in densely populated area; Capital city/More large towns/cities (which will have services); etc. 2 @ 1 mark
[3] (a)(iii) Ideas such as: • much migration to cities; • inadequate amount of housing; • cheap accommodation/people cannot afford other housing/unemployed; • can build squatter settlements themselves/materials easily available or e.g.'s; • squatter settlements often located close to work places/along main transport routes; etc. 3 @ 1 mark
[4] (a)(iv) Ideas such as: • site and services schemes; • self-help schemes; • donations of building materials/donate tools; • people being taught skills/how to build; • supply of piped water/plumbing; • supply of electricity; • sewage pipes/treatment; • regular rubbish collection; • strong materials/make houses more permanent/build with bricks/put on proper roofs/make solid structures; • make more legal/legalise them; etc. 4 @ 1 mark
[3] (b)(i) Ideas such as: • high buildings; • market stalls/traders; • busy road/taxis/lorries; • shops/banks/offices; • large companies/multi-national phone company; • street lights/electricity; • wide/tarred road; • lots of people/people walk rather than drive; • buildings close together/lack of open space; etc. 3 @ 1 mark
[5] (b)(ii) Ideas such as: • more space available/less space in CBD; • room for car park; • lower cost land; • ease of deliveries/ease of access/close to roads/motorways; • will not have to use congested roads of CBD; • more pleasant environment/more greenery; • closer to housing areas; • room for expansion; • workers live nearby/easier to get to than CBD; etc. 5 @ 1 mark or development
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which identify function and/or explain reasons for growth. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which explain reasons for growth. (N.B. Max 5 if no named example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements which identify function and explain reasons for growth, including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to: Accessibility, Relief, Water supply, Historical factors, Trade, Industrial growth, Natural resources, Defence etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Named parts of the settlement/locational detail, Specific employment types/trade links, Employment data etc.