Students from Auckland, New Zealand, were studying land-use in urban areas. One textbook model of land-use is shown in Fig. 12 (Insert). They decided to do some fieldwork to investigate land-use patterns in the city where they lived. The students investigated the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Different types of land-use are located in different areas of the city. Hypothesis 2: There is a relationship between the main type of land-use and the height of buildings.

1. (a)Give two reasons why there are different types of land-use in different parts of a city.[2]
2. (b)(i)To collect fieldwork data the students decided to follow three transects from the Central Business District (CBD) to the edge of the city. Give three characteristics of the CBD of a city.[3]
3. (b)(ii)The students decided to do their data collection at 10 sites along each transect. These are shown on Fig. 13 (Insert). Describe one way they could have chosen these sites.[2]
4. (c)(i)At each sampling site the students recorded the ground-floor land-use of five buildings on each side of the road. Their results from one site are shown in Fig. 14 below. Ground-floor land-use Transect A site 3 Left side of road | Right side of road --- | --- House | House Apartments | House Newsagents | Apartments Tourist information office | Apartments Insurance office | Food shop Use this information to complete the following building classification which the students used. Use of building | Number of buildings at the site --- | --- Residential | (blank) Offices | (blank) Shops | (blank) Industry | 0[2]
5. (c)(ii)Use the data below for site 4 on transect C to complete the divided bar graph for the site. Transect C site 4 Use of building | Number of buildings at the site --- | --- Residential | 2 Offices | 0 Shops | 1 Industry | 7 Divided bar graph of ground floor land-use at site 4 on transect C (Graph axes and key provided)[2]
6. (c)(iii)The students decided to show only the main type of land-use at each survey site on their map of the city (Fig. 13 Insert). For site 4 on transect C, above, this was industry. Do you agree with their decision to show only the main type of land-use? Circle your choice below. Agree Disagree Explain why you agree or disagree.[2]
7. (c)(iv)Fig. 13 (Insert) shows the results of the students' fieldwork. The students decided that Hypothesis 1: Different types of land-use are located in different areas of the city was correct. Support this decision with evidence from Fig. 13.[4]
8. (d)(i)To investigate Hypothesis 2: There is a relationship between the main type of land-use and the height of buildings, the students counted the number of storeys of each building when they recorded its ground floor use. Suggest why this is an appropriate method of measuring the height of buildings.[1]
9. (d)(ii)Then they calculated the average number of storeys at each site as shown in an example below. Transect A Site 3 Left side of road | Number of storeys | Right side of road | Number of storeys --- | --- | --- | --- House | 3 | House | 2 Apartments | 4 | House | 2 Newsagents | 2 | Apartments | 6 Tourist information office | 1 | Apartments | 6 Insurance office | 1 | Food shop | 3 Average number of storeys per building = 30/10 = 3 The results from all the sites on the three transects are shown in Table 5 (Insert). Use the data in Table 5 to complete Fig. 15 on page 26 (overleaf). You should plot sites 3 and 4 on transect C.[2]
10. (d)(iii)What conclusion would the students make about Hypothesis 2: There is a relationship between the main type of land-use and the height of buildings? Support your answer with evidence from Table 5 and Fig. 15.[3]
11. (d)(iv)Explain why there are buildings of different heights in a city.[2]
12. (d)(v)A common weakness of studies of urban land-use is that data is only recorded for the ground floor level. Suggest why this is a weakness.[1]
13. (e)One student wanted to extend her study by comparing the quality of the environment in different parts of the city. Describe how she could do this.[4]

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