O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2012 · Q125 Marks

Section A Answer one question from this section. (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the population of four countries. [Figure 1.1] (b) Study Fig. 2, which shows information about California, in the USA. [Figure 1.2]

(a)(i)Which of the countries listed in Fig. 1 is most densely populated?[1]
(a)(ii)Calculate the natural population growth of Bangladesh. You must show how you worked out your answer. per 1000 people[2]
(a)(iii)Suggest three reasons why the birth rate is higher in Pakistan (an LEDC) than Australia (an MEDC).[3]
(a)(iv)Bangladesh is overpopulated. Describe four problems which may be caused by overpopulation.[4]
(b)(i)Describe the location of the areas with a high population density (over 100 people per square kilometre) in California.[3]
(b)(ii)Using the information in Fig. 2 only, explain the location of areas of high population density within California.[5]
(c)For an example of international migration which you have studied, name the countries between which people moved. Refer both to pull and to push factors to explain the reasons for the migration between your chosen countries. Countries between which people moved – from ........................................... to ...........................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2012). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) Bangladesh
[2] (a) (ii) 24.7–9.2/birth rate – death rate;
[2] (a) (ii) 15.5 NB Working is required, along with correct answer for both marks 2 @ 1 mark
[3] (a) (iii) Ideas such as in Pakistan there is: Lack of availability of contraception/family planning; Not educated re contraception/family planning; Can’t afford contraception/family planning; Need children to work on the land; Need children to send out to earn money; Need children to look after parents in old age; Have large families due to tradition/importance of having a son/male virility; Have large families due to religious influences; Marry younger/have children at younger age; Women in Australia want a career first/material possessions; High infant mortality rate so more children in the hope some will survive; etc N.B: Accept ideas expressed in reverse (ie in Australia there is....) No double credit for education. 3 @ 1 mark
[4] (a) (iv) Ideas such as: people do not have enough fuelwood/oil or named examples; lack of work/high unemployment/not enough jobs; inadequate food supplies/can’t grow enough crops; can’t afford to import food; poor access to education/overcrowded classes; poor access to health care/high doctor-patient ratio/not enough hospitals/doctors/hospital beds/clinics/medicines; overcrowded housing/lack of housing/growth of shanty towns; traffic congestion; atmospheric pollution/water pollution/increased waste/litter; inadequate water supply/sanitation; overuse of agricultural land/overgrazing/lack of farmland; deforestation/loss of natural vegetation; spread of disease/increased health issues or named examples; etc 4 @ 1 mark
[3] (b) (i) Coastal areas/near coast/near ocean; one in south/in Los Angeles San Diego area; one in central part/ in San Francisco area; around main cities/near to San Francisco, L.A. and San Diego/between L.A. and San Diego/names all 3 cities; Etc 3 @ 1 mark
[5] (b) (ii) Ideas such as: coastal areas for trade; where ports have been established (dev); in bays; as it is sheltered/protected from storms (dev); areas of flatter land/mainly below 600 metres/low land; as building is easier on flatter land (dev); road/rail/transport communications are easier/cheaper to build in lowland areas (dev); agricultural production is easier on flatter land (dev); areas with over 250 mm precipitation/high rainfall; where water supply is easier for domestic use/agriculture/industry (dev) etc 5 @ 1 mark or development
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail which suggest reasons for international migration can be push or pull factors. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements which explain reasons for international migration. Can be push or pull factors. Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example (eg Turkey to Germany). Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. Must include both push and pull factors. Candidates are likely to refer to ideas such as: Employment Services Food Supplies Conflict Climatic factors Natural Disasters etc. Place specific detail could include names of areas/places within selected countries.