O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2011 · Q125 Marks

Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the population of Denmark (an MEDC) between 1970 and 2006. What was the number of births in Denmark in 1970?

(a)(i)Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the population of Denmark (an MEDC) between 1970 and 2006. What was the number of births in Denmark in 1970?[1]
(a)(ii)Use evidence from Fig. 1 to identify a year when: A there were more births than deaths, B there were more emigrants than immigrants.[2]
(a)(iii)Calculate the total population change in Denmark in 2005. Show your calculations.[3]
(a)(iv)Describe the main trends in migration between 1970 and 2005. Use data from Fig. 1 in your answer.[4]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 2, which shows major international migrations since 1970. Using Fig. 2 only, identify three examples of migration from LEDCs to MEDCs. 1 2 3[3]
(b)(ii)Explain the pull factors which attract international migrants from LEDCs to MEDCs.[5]
(c)The size of the population in a country may change as a result of natural growth. For a named country which you have studied, explain why the rate of natural population growth is high. Name of country[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2011). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] 71000 to 71999
[2] A. 1970-80/1988–2005;
B. 1973-1976/1981-1982
[3] 15000 – 19000 (1 mark reserved)
(64 000 to 65000) – (54000 to 55000) (i.e. births – deaths)
Minus (52000 to 53000) – (45000 to 46000) (i.e. immigrants – emigrants)
NB 1 mark for correct formula even if wrong calculation
i.e. (births - deaths) minus (immigration – emigration)
[4] General ideas which could relate to emigrants, immigrants or both such as:
fluctuation
increase (with a correct year or range),
decrease (with a correct year or range),
peak year (with correct year),
trough year (with correct year),
generally more immigration than emigration;
except 1974-1976;
Credit accurate pairs of dates and statistics to illustrate trends to MAX 1
[3] Any three examples of LEDC to MEDC migration shown on Fig. 2. e.g.:
Vietnam to Australia;
India to UK;
Morocco to France;
North Africa to Europe;
South East Asia to Australia;
South America to North America etc.
[5] Pulls such as:
employment;
opportunity to earn more money (dev);
education;
opportunity to attend university/school (dev);
healthcare;
more likely to have treatment for diseases (dev);
security/good police force/low crime rates;
so their families will be safe from violence/harassment (dev);
good quality of life/standard of living;
good hygiene/sanitation;
good water supplies;
good quality housing;
adequate food supply;
to join family/friends etc.
[7] Level 1 (1-3 marks)
Statements including limited detail explaining high rates of population growth.
(e.g. to send children out to work, because there is no contraception, because of their traditions, because they marry young, to look after them when they are old, high birth rate, low/declining death rate etc.)
Level 2 (4-6 marks)
Uses named example
More developed statements explaining high rates of population growth.
(e.g. to send children out to work to earn money working in the towns, because contraception is not easily available in rural areas, because men are considered of higher status if they have more children, because they marry young and therefore have more reproductive years, to look after them in old age as they have no pensions, high birth rate but low/declining death rate, high birth rate due to people having lots of children to send them out to work, declining death rate due to advancements in medical care etc.)
(MAX 5 if no named example)
Level 3 (7 marks)
Uses named example (e.g. Swaziland).
Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference.
(e.g. to send children out to work to earn money working in the towns like Mbabane, because contraception is not easily available in rural areas, because men are considered of higher status if they have more children, polygamy is allowed even the king has many wives, because the average age of marriage is 18 and therefore have more reproductive years, to look after them in old age as they have no pensions etc.)