O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/13 · Oct/Nov 2010 · Q225 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 3, which shows part of Willerby, on the rural-urban fringe of the city of Hull, UK. [Figure 3]

(a)(i)What is meant by the rural-urban fringe of a city?[1]
(a)(ii)Identify two land uses shown on Fig. 3.[2]
(a)(iii)The owner of Bellfield Farm plans to sell some land for a new housing estate to be built in the area marked X on Fig. 3. Explain why some people in Willerby are likely to object to this development.[3]
(a)(iv)A green belt is an area in the rural-urban fringe where new buildings are not normally allowed. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of creating areas of green belt land around cities.[4]
(b)Study Photographs A and B (Insert) of two residential areas in Gdansk, a city in Poland (an MEDC in Europe), along with Fig. 4, which shows information about the areas. [Figure 4]
(b)(i)Using evidence from Photographs A and B only, describe three differences between the two residential areas.[3]
(b)(ii)Compare the quality of life of the people who live in areas A and B.[5]
(c)In all towns and cities there have been changes in land use in recent years. These include the development of transport, areas of housing, industries, leisure and shopping facilities. Briefly describe one recent change in land use in or close to a town or city which you have studied. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this change in land use for the people who live in the town or city.[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) Area where town and countryside meet/edge of town/city etc.
[2] (a)(ii) Golf course;
[2] (a)(ii) Tennis courts;
[2] (a)(ii) School/educational;
[2] (a)(ii) Farm/agricultural;
[2] (a)(ii) Housing/residential;
[2] (a)(ii) Roads/streets;
[3] (a)(iii) construction noise/disturbance from noise;
[3] (a)(iii) extra traffic on roads/congestion;
[3] (a)(iii) more dangerous to cross (dev);
[3] (a)(iii) spoils view/visual pollution;
[3] (a)(iii) pressure on local schools/overcrowded classes;
[3] (a)(iii) air pollution from vehicles/machinery/lorries;
[3] (a)(iii) loss of hedgrows/trees/wildlife/Greenland/open space/habitats;
[3] (a)(iii) property prices fall;
[4] (a)(iv) Advantages: Retains rural/peaceful environment/stops excessive urban growth/prevents sprawl/prevents unsightly buildings being built;
[4] (a)(iv) people can easily access land for walking dog/cycling/amenity;
[4] (a)(iv) lead to increased property prices;
[4] (a)(iv) Provides clean air for city/stops/reduces air pollution;
[4] (a)(iv) May contain water sources for city/no water pollution e.g. reservoir/river;
[4] (a)(iv) Can be used for producing food/farming;
[4] (a)(iv) Disadvantages: Makes expansion of urban area more difficult;
[4] (a)(iv) less land to build services e.g. schools;
[4] (a)(iv) Therefore building of new housing is difficult/not enough homes for people;
[4] (a)(iv) encourages upward growth/high rise;
[4] (a)(iv) Have to live further away from city/development has to be at other side of green belt;
[4] (a)(iv) leads to more traffic movement/congestion/more fumes/air pollution from traffic;
[4] (a)(iv) makes construction of ring roads/by passes difficult/rail/airport;
[4] (a)(iv) increased property prices;
[4] (a)(iv) MAX 3 marks on Advantages/disadvantages NB: No double credit.
[3] (b)(i) high rise in A lower in B;
[3] (b)(i) flats/apartments in A/housing in B;
[3] (b)(i) houses with gardens in B but not in A/more private space in B;
[3] (b)(i) off road parking/drives in B but not in A;
[3] (b)(i) higher cost housing in B;
[3] (b)(i) houses in B have more land/area than A;
[3] (b)(i) Fences in B none in A;
[3] (b)(i) B is more spacious/bigger than A/A is more crowded/dense than B;
[3] (b)(i) A is brightly coloured B is lighter/cream;
[3] (b)(i) NB: Must be comparative and use evidence from the photographs.
[5] (b)(ii) In A quality of life is likely to be lower;
[5] (b)(ii) As there will be more noise from adjacent properties (dev);
[5] (b)(ii) And homes are less spacious/overcrowded (dev);
[5] (b)(ii) In B people will have more land/be able to relax in gardens;
[5] (b)(ii) Lower unemployment in B;
[5] (b)(ii) Therefore people will have more disposable income/be able to afford higher quality of life (dev);
[5] (b)(ii) there are more car owners in area B;
[5] (b)(ii) therefore people have more mobility/do not have to rely on public transport (dev);
[5] (b)(ii) People in Area B are likely to feel more secure;
[5] (b)(ii) As they are surrounded by fences (dev)
[5] (b)(ii) Higher percentage of owner occupied in B;
[5] (b)(ii) NB: Must be comparative.
[7] (c) (Level 3) Must include place specific information. Uses named example (e.g. Warsaw).
[7] (c) (Level 3) More developed statements about advantages and disadvantages of the change, including some place specific reference, along with some description of the change in land use.
[7] (c) (Level 3) (e.g. building Arkadia shopping mall covering a total area of 287 000 m² the biggest shopping mall in Central Europe, disadvantage is: traffic congestion as many people who use new shopping centre travel by car, as there are 4000 free parking spaces which is an advantage, other advantages include: easy to go shopping as Arkadia is served by 15 bus routes and 10 tram lines, offers people greater shopping choice including Lacoste, Gant, Peek & Cloppenburg and Tommy Hilfiger, as well as high street chains like Zara, Espirit and Kappahl etc.)
[7] (c) (Level 3) NB: For level 3 must have advantage and disadvantage.