O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2010 · Q225 Marks

Study Fig. 3, which shows the hierarchy of settlements. What does Fig. 3 show about the relationship between the number and the size of settlements in an area?

(a)(i)Study Fig. 3, which shows the hierarchy of settlements. What does Fig. 3 show about the relationship between the number and the size of settlements in an area?[1]
(a)(ii)Describe two features of an area of dispersed rural settlement.[2]
(a)(iii)Describe three differences between the services provided in a village and those provided in a city.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain why many capital cities have a large sphere of influence.[4]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 4 (Insert), which is a land use map of a suburban area of Lima, in Peru (an LEDC). Describe the location of San Isidro Shopping Centre.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain why many new shopping and entertainment centres are being built in suburban areas rather than in the centre of cities.[5]
(c)Many towns and cities are growing rapidly. With reference to a named urban area which you have studied, describe the problems in its rural-urban fringe which are being caused by its growth.[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) Few large settlements but many small ones; the larger the settlements the fewer there are; there are more small settlements etc.
[2] (a) (ii) Features such as: widely spaced/large distance between them; surrounded by farmland/woodland; population density is low/small population; individual buildings/farms/isolated/remote/separate from each other; scattered/unevenly spread; lack of service provision. etc
[3] (a) (iii) Ideas such as: more services in a city; higher order services/more specialist in city; services with larger sphere of influence in a city/people travel further for services in a city; services with bigger threshold population in a city; many services in city used less frequently; Accept any relevant different pairs of comparative e.gs to MAX 2 etc
[4] (a) (iv) Ideas such as: There are many different types of services/variety of services; including high order services; any valid e.g. to MAX 1; seat of government/administration; tourist attractions/landmarks; good access/route centre etc
[3] (b) (i) Distance and/or direction from any named feature e.g.: western side of Via Expresa; north of Colegio Alfonso Ugarte 1 km; west of Parque Enramada; 1 mark MAX for near/next to e.g. Via Expresa/Begonias/ Colegio Alfonso Ugarte etc
[5] (b) (ii) Ideas such as: Low land costs; More space to built large mall ; and for parking (dev); Away from congestion in CBD ; makes deliveries/access for customers easier (dev); easy access from motorway (dev); Away from noise/atmospheric pollution ; more pleasant shopping environment (dev); large market/lots of customers etc
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail on problems caused by development on rural-urban fringe. (e.g. traffic congestion, loss of farmland, atmospheric pollution)
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements on problems caused by development on rural-urban fringe. (e.g. traffic congestion as many people who live in new developments commute to work in CBD, loss of farmland due to new housing developments/road construction, atmospheric pollution from increased traffic etc) (NB MAX 5 if no named example)
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example (e.g. Nottingham). More developed statements on problems caused by development on rural-urban fringe, including some place specific reference. (e.g. traffic congestion on radial roads into city as many people who live in villages like Burton Joyce commute to work in the city, loss of farmland around Papplewick village due to new housing developments, atmospheric pollution from increased traffic along A60 etc)