O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/12 · Oct/Nov 2010 · Q125 Marks

Study Figs 1A, 1B and 1C, information about migration from Poland in 2006. Poland is an MEDC which joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. Name the country which was the destination of the largest percentage of migrants from Poland in 2006.

(a)(i)Study Figs 1A, 1B and 1C, information about migration from Poland in 2006. Poland is an MEDC which joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. Name the country which was the destination of the largest percentage of migrants from Poland in 2006.[1]
(a)(ii)For each of the following, suggest one reason why a greater percentage of migrants from Poland to the UK: A were employed in factories rather than on farms, B were employed as cleaners rather than teachers.[2]
(a)(iii)Using Fig. 1C, briefly compare the amount of emigration from, and immigration to, Poland between 2000 and 2006.[3]
(a)(iv)What difficulties might be faced by migrants from Poland when living in countries such as the UK?[4]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 2, an article about migration from Poland to the UK. 'Nearly 600,000′ new EU migrants Almost 600,000 people from Poland and the seven other countries which joined the EU in 2004 have applied to work in the UK, where full work rights have been given to all citizens of EU countries. Each morning in Hammersmith, west London, many Poles gather to look in a shop window at adverts for work. Here you will find graduates scribbling down details of work in catering and cleaning, delivering pizza takeaway leaflets and ironing. "I am not here to claim benefits,” says Radek, 25. “I am here to earn money, as much as I can make and then go home. At home in Poland unemployment is 20 to 25% and the wages are very low.” He notes down the number of a builder from an advert looking for plasterers, kitchen fitters and electricians. “I can do all of those, I studied at Poznan technical college as an electrician. I have a qualification.” Newly arrived Poles, like many immigrants to Britain before them, are often doing the work that Britons seemingly no longer want to do. For example, when Tesco needed 140 new lorry drivers recently, it hired Poles because of the lack of British applicants. Use your own words to give three reasons why many people from Poland have migrated to the UK since 2004.[3]
(b)(ii)Explain the problems which may be caused in Poland by this migration.[5]
(c)Name an example of a city or country to which large numbers of people have migrated from other countries. Describe the effects of international migration on your chosen city or country.[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) UK
[1] (a) (ii) A. More people generally are employed in factories in the UK than farms/there are more jobs in factories than on farms/farm work is more likely to be seasonal.
[1] (a) (ii) B. Cleaners do not need to be highly skilled/qualified/many migrants lack qualifications to be teachers/language difficulties would make it more difficult to be teachers/not prevent them being employed as cleaners
[3] (a) (iii) Ideas such as: more emigration than immigration; approx 2 times as many emigrants; except 2004 where numbers equal; gradual increase in immigration/decrease in emigration up to 2004 followed by increase; emigration fluctuates more than immigration etc
[4] (a) (iv) Ideas such as: lack of qualifications/skills/education/no experience; many cannot speak the language; many are doing low paid jobs; some are unable to obtain employment/not enough jobs; thus are unable to buy homes/live in poor conditions/overcrowding; some may have to live away from their families/be homesick; discrimination/racial tension may occur; some may have entered illegally; thus poor access to services/or examples exploitation by employers/long working hours/poor working conditions; different culture/cultural shock etc
[3] (b) (i) Ideas such as: for work opportunities/high unemployment in Poland; to improve quality of life/standard of living; higher rates of pay; Poland joined EU/Polish workers had employment rights in UK; good transport links between Poland and UK etc;
[5] (b) (ii) Problems such as: Loss of (skilled/qualified) workers/not enough workers; Therefore loss to Polish economy; Difficulties for people in Poland of finding tradesmen; Families split by migration/wife family remains behind; Causes social problems; Increasing divorce rates etc
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail describing effects of international migration on destination. (e.g. provides more workers, provision of specialist amenities, conflict, pressure on employment, pressure on housing/amenities etc)
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements describing effects of international migration on destination. (e.g. Augmentation of skilled labour supply/ e.g. foreign doctors, may provide pool of cheap/unskilled labour, multi-cultural society/cultural understanding, provision of specialist amenities e.g. restaurants/takeaways, racial conflict, pressure on employment as there are extra people looking for jobs, pressure on housing as more people need to be housed; pressure on specified amenities/infrastructure etc) (NB MAX 5 marks if no named example)
[7] (c) Levels marking Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example (e.g. USA) Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. (e.g. Augmentation of skilled labour supply/e.g. foreign doctors from Europe, provides pool of cheap/unskilled labour on fruit/vegetable farms in Central Valley, multi-cultural society/cultural understanding, provision of specialist amenities e.g. Mexican restaurants, racial conflict between Mexican immigrants and other citizens, pressure on employment in cities sch. as Los Angeles as there are extra people looking for jobs, pressure on housing as more people need to be housed; pressure on specified amenities/infrastructure etc)