O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/11 · Oct/Nov 2010 · Q225 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 2, which shows the hierarchy of services. [Figure 2.0] (b) Study Fig. 3 (Insert), which is a land use map of a suburban area of Lima, in Peru (an LEDC).

(a)(i)What is meant by the term sphere of influence of a service?[1]
(a)(ii)Give an example of: A a low order service, B a high order service.[2]
(a)(iii)Explain why high order services have a large threshold population.[3]
(b)(i)Identify three different examples of services in the area shown by Fig. 3.[3]
(b)(ii)What evidence on Fig. 3 suggests that this suburban area has been planned?[4]
(b)(iii)Suburban areas, such as that shown on Fig. 3, are growing rapidly around many cities. Describe the impacts of this growth on the natural environment.[5]
(c)Many settlements have grown into large urban areas. For a named example of a large urban area which you have studied, explain the reasons for its growth.[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] The area where people who use a service live/how far people travel/distance travelled from to use the service
[1] Low order examples such as: Newsagent/church/general store/primary school/hairdressers; etc.
[1] High order examples such as: Department store/university/jeweller/theatre/specialist shops/car showrooms; etc.
[1] High order services need more customers to make a profit/use or operate the service;
[1] They are often expensive;
[1] High order services are likely to be used less frequently than others;
[1] High order services may be only used by a small proportion of the population;
[1] They are often specialist;
[1] School/Colegio San Augustin;
[1] Shopping centre/Santa Cardina;
[1] Bus terminus/Terminal Ormeno;
[1] Hospital/clinic;
[1] Bank;
[1] gridiron road development/straight roads;
[1] Traffic intersections/named examples;
[1] Public transport/bus services/bus station;
[1] Areas of greenery/parks/playing fields/plaza;
[1] Public services/retail/education/hospitals/clinic;
[1] Expressway/major road development
[1] Deforestation/loss of woodland/forest/greenery/open spaces;
[1] loss of farmland/hedgerows;
[1] habitats destroyed/animals killed/scared away;
[1] species under threat/extinction/examples of species (dev);
[1] filling in of water courses;
[1] reclamation of wetlands/swamps/flooding (dev);
[1] air pollution;
[1] water pollution etc.
Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail on reasons for growth of settlement. (e.g. good roads, flat land, water available/close to a river, lots of migrants/people have moved there, work available. etc.)
Level 2 (4–6 marks) Max 5 if no example. 3 developed statements plus named example for 6 marks. More developed statements on reasons for growth of settlement. (e.g. focus of routes/route centre; good roads enabled growth of industry; flat land which was above flood plain; bridging point of river, reasons for growth of industry. etc.)
Level 3 (7 marks) Must include place specific information. Uses named example (e.g. Liverpool). More developed statements on reasons for growth of named settlement including some place specific reference. (e.g. Liverpool is a port; located on estuary of Mersey river; deep water anchorage; sheltered anchorage; space for expansion of warehouse facilities; opposite side of Atlantic to USA encouraged trade; hinterland of industrial towns/cotton manufacturing; well developed road/rail communications; impact of Manchester Ship Canal etc.) NB: accept shanty town examples and reasons for growth. Response can refer to growth of population or area.