(a) Study Table 1, which shows information about the population and area of selected regions in China. Table 1 Region | Population (millions) | Area (square km) | Population Density (per square km) ---|---|---|--- Guizhou | 38 | 176 100 | 216 Hubei | 60 | 187400 | Jiangsu | 74 | 102600 | 721 Qinghai | 6 | 720000 | 8 Shandong | 91 | 153000 | 595 Xinjiang | 19 | 1600000 | 12 (b) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about population. [Figure 1.0]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Shandong....Guizhou....Qinghai, 1 mark for correct order
2. [1] 60 million divided by 187,400 (1 mark for method)
3. [1] = 320 (.17) / (.2) (1 mark for correct answer)
4. [1] communications are difficult/roads hard to build;
5. [1] difficult to build on (steeply sloping land);
6. [1] isolation/far away from CBD/cities/towns;
7. [1] agriculture is poor in mountains/food hard to produce/shortage of food;
8. [1] climate often cold/snow/icy/or implications;
9. [1] poor soils/infertile;
10. [1] wet/windy;
11. [1] Settlements developed around ports/hards/easier to travel abroad;
12. [1] trade opportunities/imports/exports;
13. [1] much industrial development/factories;
14. [1] employment/job opportunities;
15. [1] coastal areas have good communications/roads/rail links/transportation;
16. [1] growth of tourism/examples of jobs in tourism;
17. [1] fishing industry/food from sea;
18. [1] first regions to be settled idea;
19. [1] insufficient workforce/not enough people to work/need to pay higher salaries;
20. [1] resources cannot be fully exploited;
21. [1] low production/of e.g. food/consumer goods;
22. [1] negative balance of payments;
23. [1] low GNP/national income/weak economy/economy fails/slow growth;
24. [1] difficult to defend country;
25. [1] businesses may move out;
26. [1] high immigrant population/need to attract migrants;
27. [1] underuse of services or examples or implications e.g. closure of schools;
28. [1] lack of investment in named services;
29. [1] people do not have enough resources/examples of resources (dev);
30. [1] lack of work;
31. [1] inadequate food supplies;
32. [1] poor access to education;
33. [1] poor access to health care;
34. [1] overcrowded housing;
35. [1] traffic congestion;
36. [1] atmospheric pollution/(illness e.g. asthma – dev);
37. [1] inadequate water supply;
38. [1] sanitation;
39. [1] overuse of agricultural land/overgrazing/overcultivation/(desertification – dev);
40. [1] deforestation/loss of natural vegetation/habitats destruction/(desertification – dev) but no double credit.
41. Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which suggest reasons for international migration. (e.g. more jobs, better services, schools, hospitals, clinics, not enough food, improved standard of living, better quality of life, war, drought etc.)
42. Level 2 (4–6 marks) Max 5 if no named example. 3 × developed statements plus named example for 6 marks. More developed statements which explain reasons for international migration. (e.g. more jobs in destination country where they can work in service sector/factories, better or more schools/hospitals/clinics so that...., can buy food from shops rather than rely on unproductive farmland, refugees fleeing from war torn areas in fear of their lives, drought prevents them from producing enough food to feed their families etc.)
43. Level 3 (7 marks) must include place specific information for 7 marks. Uses named example (e.g. Turkey to Germany). Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. (e.g. more jobs in Germany where they were employed in rebuilding cities like Dresden after World War 2, greater access to schools/hospitals/clinics than in remote mountainous areas of Turkey, refugees fleeing from war torn areas close to Iraqi border in fear of their lives, drought in regions such as central Anatolia prevents them from producing enough food to feed their families etc.) NB: Level 3 response must refer to both push and pull factors.