O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/12 · May/June 2018 · Q125 Marks

Answer one question from this section. (a) Study Fig. 1.1 (Insert), which shows information about population density.

(a)(i)What is meant by densely populated?[1]
(a)(ii)The continent of Africa had a population of 1166 million in 2015. The land area is 30.22 million square kilometres. Calculate the population density of Africa. You should show your calculations in the box below. Give your answer to 2 decimal places.[2]
(a)(iii)Describe the distribution of population in Africa.[3]
(a)(iv)Explain how different physical factors influence population density.[4]
(b)Study Figs. 1.2 and 1.3 (Insert), which are photographs showing areas of two different islands in the Maldives. Fig. 1.2 shows the island of Male. Fig. 1.3 shows the island of Maamendhoo.
(b)(i)Give three pieces of evidence from Figs. 1.2 and 1.3 which suggest that Male is more densely populated than Maamendhoo.[3]
(b)(ii)Some densely populated areas may become overpopulated. Suggest likely problems which may be faced by people living in Male if it became overpopulated.[5]
(c)For a named country you have studied, explain why people migrate from it to other countries. Name of country[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] Many/large numbers/lots of people live in a small area/per square kilometre/in relation to size of area;
[1] 1166 (million) Divided by 30.22 (million)
[1] = 38.58 (per sq. km)
[3] Ideas such as : It is uneven; Areas of highest density are on west (coast)/small part of W.Africa/in Nile Valley/north east; Areas which are sparsely populated are in north/south west/Sahara/Kalahari Deserts; Areas which are moderately populated are the remainder/most of the continent/around the equator/much of centre and south/east/northern coast; 3 @ 1 mark
[4] Ideas such as: Areas of low/flat land are densely populated/attract lots of people to live there/are easy/difficult to build on (or other reason)/high land is sparsely populated; Areas where amounts of rainfall are low/deserts/arid areas/high rainfall are sparsely populated/attract few people to live there; Areas with extremely low temperatures/Arctic are sparsely populated/temperate areas attract lots of people; Areas with dense vegetation/rainforests have few people living there; Rivers/water sources/aquifers attract people/swampy attract few people; Fertile soils attract/infertile are sparsely populated; Note: Looking for natural factors 4 @ 1 mark
[3] Ideas such as Male has: Buildings which are closer together; More high rise buildings/buildings with more storeys/larger buildings; Less areas of vegetation/open space/buildings in Male and open space in Maamendhoo etc. Note: Must be comparative 3 @ 1 mark
[5] Ideas such as: Lack of/pressure on resources; Lack of employment/work; Poverty; Pressure on/lack of food supply/high food prices/less land for agriculture; Pressure on/lack of health care/hospitals; Poor access to housing/shelter/overcrowded housing/high price of housing; Lack of water supply; Inadequate sanitation; Pressure on education services; Traffic congestion/a lot of traffic; Atmospheric pollution/water pollution/noise pollution; Pressure on electricity/energy/fuel supplies; Waste disposal; Lack of open space/greenery; 5 @ 1 mark or development
[7] Levels marking Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail which explain the causes of migration from a country. e.g. better paid jobs/example of job =L1 Level 2 (4-6 marks) Uses named example. More developed statements which explain the causes of migration from a country. e.g. better paid jobs and so can afford to send children to school Note: Can accept valid statistics as 1× L2 for this question (Note: Max 5 if no named or inappropriate example) Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example. Comprehensive and accurate statements including some place specific reference. Content Guide: Country chosen can be any a country which migrants move from. Note: Named country must be where they move from Answers are likely to refer to pushes or pulls such as: ∞ Lack of employment ∞ Poverty ∞ Poor food supply ∞ Poor provision of health care ∞ Lack of water supply ∞ Natural disasters ∞ Wars/conflict ∞ Persecution ∞ Poor provision of education ∞ Crime ∞ Border controls Etc. Note: Accept pushes and pulls but do not double credit. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: Named parts of the chosen country of origin, statistical data etc.