(a) Study Fig. 4, which shows a diagram of a volcano. [Figure 4.0] (b) Study Fig. 5, which shows information about the impacts of an earthquake that occurred in Nepal (an LEDC) on 25th April 2015. The earthquake in Nepal, one of Asia's poorest countries, killed more than 9000 people and injured more than 23000. The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19 people. Another huge avalanche occurred in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were reported missing. Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with entire villages flattened, across many districts of the country. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at tourist sites in the Kathmandu Valley, including temples, pagodas and historic towers. Workplaces were destroyed and many workers were not able to go to work, either because they were earthquake casualties or because they were dealing with its after effects. Many farmers affected by the earthquake were not able to plant their crops before the start of the rainy season. Soldiers from the Nepalese Army were sent to the areas with the worst damage immediately after the earthquake. Heavy rainfall and landslides made rescue difficult and impassable roads, damaged communications and power networks also made it difficult to reach isolated areas. The Tribhuvan International Airport, serving Kathmandu, was closed immediately to commercial flights after the earthquake. [Figure 5.0] (c) Explain the causes of an earthquake in a named area you have studied. Name of area

1. (a)(i)What type of volcano is shown in Fig. 4?[1]
2. (a)(ii)Identify the features labelled X and Y on Fig. 4. X Y[2]
3. (a)(iii)Describe three ways in which a strato-volcano (composite cone) would differ from the volcano shown in Fig. 4. 1 2 3[3]
4. (a)(iv)Describe the distribution of volcanoes in the world.[4]
5. (b)(i)Identify one impact of the earthquake in Nepal on each of the following: the natural environment; the infrastructure; the economy.[3]
6. (b)(ii)Explain what can be done to reduce the impacts of earthquakes on local people.[5]
7. (c)Explain the causes of an earthquake in a named area you have studied. Name of area[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.