Study Photographs A and B (Insert), which were taken in the CBD of Bangalore, a large city in India (an LEDC). [Photograph A, Photograph B] Study Fig. 3, which shows information about the Metro Rail, a public transport system due to be opened in 2011 in Bangalore. [Figure 3]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] Car/auto-rickshaw/motorized rickshaw/3 wheel car/lorry/truck/tanker/motor cycle/scooter/ taxi 2 needed for 1 mark
2. [2] Shops/mall; Offices; Banks; Courier/fax/printing/office supplies; Taxi; 2 @ 1 mark
3. [3] Ideas such as: Pedestrians only are allowed to use streets/vehicles are banned from streets/pedestrianisation; Road goes around city (centre) rather than through it/ring road/bypass; Park and ride/people park away from centre and use public transport/bus/tram/metro/train to travel to CBD; Improved bus services/tram network set up; Specified new road development e.g. flyover/underpass; Encourage use of bikes/car pooling; Building parking areas rather than parking on the side of the road; Build services outside CBD; Stagger start of working day; 2+ people in car only lanes; Increase price of fuel; Congestion charging; Only use particular colour car on a particular day; etc. 3 @ 1 mark
4. [4] Ideas such as reducing congestion will: reduce journey times; makes people on time for work/school/appointments; cost saving of reduced time for journeys; reduces stress levels/road rage; reduces likelihood of accidents; less standing traffic to pollute atmosphere; and causes less noise/horns; reduced congestion uses less fuel/fuel not wasted by stationary vehicles; etc. 4 @ 1 mark
5. [3] Ideas such as: metro is built underground and/or elevated; so roads will be free for traffic to use; people will travel to work on metro/or travel to CBD on metro/college; so there will be less vehicles on the roads/use train instead of car; and there will be less people trying to park in CBD/park near station; metro serves major attractions (or examples e.g. Cricket Stadium); cheaper than using road transport; serves most parts of the city/goes in all directions; etc. 3 @ 1 mark
6. [5] Conflicts/problems such as: Disruption during construction phase; e.g. noise from machinery (dev), dust (dev), traffic congestion (dev); Use of land for building of transport facilities; loss of cultivable land in suburbs; may need to demolish properties to build new transport facilities; shanty towns cleared/people become homeless(dev); potential loss of business for petrol stations/CBD car parks/shops; because people not using cars as much (dev)/ therefore loss of passing trade (dev). Prefer tax money to be used for something else/leads to tax increases; etc. 5 @ 1 mark or development
7. [7] Level 1 (1-3 marks) Statements including limited detail on attempts to improve quality of life in squatter settlements. (e.g. provide clean water, build new houses, move people away from the city, clean up the streets, self help, give better building materials, improved public transport, healthcare; etc) Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements on attempts to improve quality of life in squatter settlements. (e.g. government investment in high rise flats/low cost housing, give incentives for people to move away from the city/back to rural areas, install water mains/provide communal taps, have regular garbage collection, teach the people building skills, low cost loans/donate breeze blocks etc) NB Max 5 if no named example Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example (e.g. Rio de Janeiro). Developed statements on attempts to improve quality of life in squatter settlements including some place specific reference. (NB Place specific references are likely to be to areas within an LEDC settlement such as Rocinha. Alternatively candidates may use 'local' terms such as 'favela'. It is possible that reference could be made to features of the city e.g. in the case of Rio the beaches or the steeply sloping surrounding hills.)