Six students in Mumbai, India, wanted to find out more about people who lived in an area of the city. This was an area of squatter houses which had been improved during the previous 30 years by residents with help from the local authority. They decided to investigate the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Most families moved to Mumbai for employment. Hypothesis 2: There are more benefits than problems for those living in the area of squatter houses. The students decided that the best way to test their hypotheses was to ask some people who lived in the area to answer a questionnaire.

1. (a)(i)Their first task was to produce their questionnaire, which is shown in Fig. 13 (Insert). The students then had to decide on a suitable sample size of people to answer their questionnaire. One student suggested a sample of 20 people; another student suggested a sample of 500 people. These suggestions were not approved by their teacher. Explain why: a sample of 20 people is too small; a sample of 500 people is too big.[2]
2. (a)(ii)Describe a sampling method for how the students could choose 100 people to complete the questionnaire. Explain why you have chosen this method. Name of sampling method Description of method Explanation for choice[3]
3. (a)(iii)The students considered including more questions in their questionnaire, but decided not to. Suggest two other questions they could have used to find out more about migration to the squatter settlement. 1 2[2]
4. (b)The results of Question 1 in the questionnaire are shown in Table 5 below. Table 5 Answers to Question 1: What was the main reason you moved to live here? Reason given | Percentage of residents To look for work | 31 Get a job to earn money to look after my family | 23 To give my children the chance to go to school | 13 Better living conditions than where I lived in the countryside | 5 This is the only house I could afford | 10 To join other members of the family | 18 Total number of answers | 100
5. (b)(i)Use the results in Table 5 to complete Fig. 14 below. [Figure 14 is an incomplete pie chart titled 'What was the main reason you moved to live here?'. It shows some sectors with percentages and a key for different reasons. The sectors for 'This is the only house I could afford' and 'To join other members of the family' are missing.][2]
6. (b)(ii)Do these results support Hypothesis 1: Most families moved to Mumbai for employment? Support your answer with evidence from Table 5 and Fig. 14.[4]
7. (c)To investigate Hypothesis 2: There are more benefits than problems for those living in the area of squatter houses, the students included Questions 2 and 3 in the questionnaire. The results of these questions are recorded in Table 6 below. Table 6 Answers to Question 2: What are the main benefits of living here? and Question 3: What are the main problems of living here? Benefits | Number Self-help schemes to improve houses | 58 Clean water brought to houses through pipes | 56 Jobs in local factories and workshops | 44 New schools built for older children | 40 Safe electricity supply from underground cables | 39 Clinics built to care for children and older people | 33 Total | 270 Problems | Number Open drains and sewers which attract rats | 64 House is too small with too few rooms | 57 Risk of flooding | 53 Disease spreads quickly in unhygienic conditions | 47 Danger of fire | 36 Jobs are poorly paid and working hours are long | 29 Lack of privacy because houses are close together | 25 Total | 311
8. (c)(i)Use the results in Table 6 to complete Figs 15 and 16 below. [Figure 15 is an incomplete bar chart titled 'Results of Question 2: What are the main benefits of living here?'. Bars are missing for 'New schools built for older children' and 'Safe electricity supply from underground cables'. Figure 16 is an incomplete bar chart titled 'Results of Question 3: What are the main problems of living here?'. Bars are missing for 'House is too small with too few rooms' and 'Jobs are poorly paid and working hours are long'.][2]
9. (c)(ii)Two of the problems suggested in Table 6 are 'danger of fire' and 'risk of flooding'. Explain why these are common problems in a squatter settlement. Danger of fire Risk of flooding[4]
10. (c)(iii)Do the answers to Questions 2 and 3 support Hypothesis 2: There are more benefits than problems for those living in the area of squatter houses? Explain your conclusion by using data from Figs 15 and 16 and Table 6.[4]
11. (d)Suggest three difficulties of doing fieldwork in a squatter settlement. 1 2 3[3]
12. (e)Two other students decided to extend their fieldwork and investigate housing conditions in the area. Describe how they could collect information but do not include a questionnaire.[4]

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