O-LevelGeographyPopulation and settlement2217/12 · May/June 2015 · Q225 Marks

(a) Study Fig. 3, a map showing the main land uses and transport routes in Toronto, Canada (an MEDC). [Figure 3]

(a)(i)Estimate the area of the CBD of Toronto. Circle the correct answer below. 1 km² 4 km² 7 km² 14km²[1]
(a)(ii)Suggest reasons why there are many high rise buildings in the CBD of Toronto.[2]
(a)(iii)What evidence in Fig. 3 suggests that the location of the industrial zones in Toronto has been influenced by transport?[3]
(a)(iv)Compare the pattern of urban land use in cities in LEDCs and MEDCs.[4]
(b)(i)Study Fig. 4, which shows information about the percentage of the population using different types of transport in cities in Canada and China. [Figure 4] Identify three differences between types of transport used in cities in Canada and China.[3]
(b)(ii)Describe the problems caused by traffic congestion in urban areas.[5]
(c)For a named urban area, describe and explain the attempts which have been made to solve traffic problems. Name of urban area .....................................................[7]

This question uses a diagram from the original paper, which isn't shown here. Open the full paper from the past papers archive to see it.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2015). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) (i) 7 km²
[2] (ii) lack of space/to save space/there is not much room/little land; high demand for land/lots of government buildings /shops /businesses locate here/many people work in the CBD; expensive land/to reduce costs/it is cheaper;
[3] (iii) proximity to motorways/Queen Elizabeth Way/Don Valley Parkway; built along railway lines/railway runs through the area; close to docks;
[4] (iv) Centrally located CBD in both MEDC and LEDC; In both MEDC and LEDC there are distinct zones of housing of different cost/quality; higher cost/class/quality housing tends to be close to CBD in LEDC/further away in MEDC; lower cost/class/quality housing tends to be close to CBD in MEDC/further away in LEDC; industry is close to transport links in both LEDC and MEDC/near edge of city in both/near centre in both; areas of shanty town/squatter settlement in LEDC but not in MEDC; housing near CBD in LEDC but industry near CBD in MEDC; NB: Focus is on comparison and also on pattern - where they are located and not the amount.
[3] (b) (i) more bicycles in China/less in Canada; more metro/bus/train (public transport) in China/less in Canada; more cars in Canada/less in China; the most important in Canada is cars but the most important in China is bikes (or similar idea to MAX 1). NB: Accept statistics as alternatives. Names of country/countries required. No tolerance on statistics.
[5] (ii) delays/wastes time/have to allow more time/longer journeys; lateness for school/work; loss of productivity/companies lose profit; increased risk of accidents/more deaths and injuries from accidents; noise pollution; which makes concentration difficult; atmospheric pollution/exhaust fumes/smog/appropriate named gas; acid rain or named effect; global warming or named effect; reduced visibility; causes difficulty breathing/problems for asthmatics/eye irritations; road rage/frustration; difficult for emergency services to access; difficult for firms to get deliveries; increased use of fuel/higher fuel costs.
[7] (c) Level 1 (1–3 marks): Statements including limited description and/or explanation of attempts to solve traffic problems. Level 2 (4–6 marks): Uses named example More developed statements describing and/or explaining attempts to solve traffic problems. NB: MAX 5 if no named example or inappropriate example. Accept conurbation, city, town or part of an urban area. Level 3 (7 marks): Uses named example. More developed statements describing and explaining attempts to solve traffic problems, including some place specific reference. (If there are three developed descriptive statements, explanation can be at L1 to award this level and vice versa) Content Guide: Answers are likely to refer to; ring roads, build /improve/repair roads by pass, pedestrianisation, public transport, cycle lanes/bike hire schemes, park and ride; congestion charges; traffic lights, speed bumps etc. Place specific reference is likely to consist of: named parts of the chosen city, specific schemes etc. NB: Development is of the description or the explanation. For example, people are encouraged to walk (L1) by the use of pedestrian zones (L2). Focus is on the methods used to solve traffic problems.