A class of students were studying traffic flow at a busy road junction near their school. A sketch map of the road junction is shown in Fig. 7 (Insert). The students wanted to investigate the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Traffic flow changes during the day. Hypothesis 2: Traffic congestion occurs at all sites going towards and away from the road junction. The students chose eight sites to do traffic surveys. These are shown on Fig. 7. They agreed to do four separate counts lasting one hour at the following times: 08.00 to 09.00 11.00 to 12.00 14.00 to 15.00 17.00 to 18.00

1. (a)(i)Describe how the students would organise the traffic survey. Refer to their planning and recording.[4]
2. (a)(ii)Suggest three difficulties which the students might have had when doing their traffic survey.[3]
3. (b)(i)Complete Table 3 by calculating the total number of vehicles counted between 11.00 and 12.00.[1]
4. (b)(ii)Use the data in Table 3 to complete the divided bar graph for the traffic survey results between 11.00 and 12.00 on Fig. 8 below. [Figure 8.0][2]
5. (b)(iii)Which one of the following types of graph would also be suitable to show the traffic survey results between 11.00 and 12.00? pie chart line graph scatter graph Circle the correct answer.[1]
6. (b)(iv)What conclusion would the students at site 3 make about Hypothesis 1: Traffic flow changes during the day? Support your decision with evidence from Table 3 and Fig. 8.[4]
7. (b)(v)Suggest how traffic flows between 08.00 and 09.00 might be different at site 7 from those at site 3 which are shown in Table 3. Look at Fig. 7 (Insert) to help you to answer. Number of vehicles Type of vehicles[2]
8. (c)(i)Calculate the index scores for site 3 between 11.00 and 12.00 in Table 6 below. [Table 6.0][2]
9. (c)(ii)The results of the index of traffic flow for all 8 survey sites are shown in Table 7 (Insert). The students decided to show their results in a line graph, Fig. 9 below. Use the data in Table 7 to complete the line for site 1. [Figure 9.0][2]
10. (c)(iii)Fig. 9 shows the level above which traffic flow is classified as congested. Congestion level indicates the traffic flow index above which traffic delays occur. What conclusion would the students make about Hypothesis 2: Traffic congestion occurs at all sites going towards and away from the road junction? Use data from Fig. 9 to support your answer.[4]
11. (d)There is a plan to build a new shopping area at the location shown on Fig. 7 (Insert). Give two effects this development might have on traffic at sites 5 and 6.[2]
12. (e)Suggest three ways to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas.[3]

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