Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the birth and death rates of Eritrea (an LEDC) and Denmark (an MEDC). Country Birth Rate (per 1000 population) Death Rate (per 1000 population) Eritrea 38.6 18.5 Denmark 10.7 10.3 [Figure 1] Study Fig. 2, which shows a population pyramid for Eritrea. [Figure 2]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2010). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] 18.5 people die (per year) per 1000 people NB: Must have 'per thousand'
2. [2] 10.7 minus 10.3 (one mark for method) 0.4 per 1000 /0.04% (2nd mark for correct calculation) 2 @ 1 mark
3. [3] Ideas such as: poor health care/few hospitals/doctors/nurses/clinics; poor sanitation/poor hygiene/lack of toilets/dirty places; poor access to safe/clean water/water borne diseases; limited food supplies/malnutrition/starvation; HIV/AIDS; Natural disasters/drought/floods; Lack of vaccinations/medicines/cannot cure diseases; Lack of education about healthy lifestyles e.g. smoking/diet; Lack of provision for elderly e.g. pensions/old people's homes; 3 @ 1 mark - 1 per line.
4. [4] Ideas such as : availability of contraception/family planning/abortions; educated re. contraception/family planning; able to afford contraception/family planning/abortions; traditionally small families/don't need to prove virility/not traditional to have large families; expense of bringing up children/childcare/don't have to send children to work/can afford to bring up children; many women have careers/women are educated; availability of pensions/do not need children to look after parents in old age; low infant mortality rate; Lack of religious beliefs/don't object to contraception; etc 4 @ 1 mark – 1 per line.
5. [3] Ideas such as: MEDC pyramid will have narrower base/less children; MEDC pyramid will have wider top/more old people; MEDC pyramid will be bullet shape/not pyramid/straighter sides; MEDC pyramid shows people living to older age/has higher age groups; MEDC pyramid will have more economically active aged people; etc. NB Ideally answer should be comparative, however accept discrete accounts to link two separate statements. Could talk about LEDC opposite as long as it is specified and comparative. The answer can relate to the pyramid or the structure. 3 @ 1 mark
6. [5] Impacts such as: strain on working population/economy/families; unable to supply enough food (dev); to pay for childcare (dev). time spent by women on childcare/unable to do other work (or example) need for more money to be spent on health care/maternity facilities (dev) overcrowded homes; street children; not enough/overcrowded schools; cost of education/school; so children don't get qualifications (dev) 5 @ 1 mark or development
7. [7] Level 1 (1–3 marks) Statements including limited detail describing the impacts of HIV/AIDS on population and/or economy. (e.g. people are unable to work, increases medical care cost, reduces size of population, people die, reduces life expectancy, can be passed onto babies, less food produced discourages tourism etc) Level 2 (4–6 marks) Uses named example More developed statements describing the impacts of HIV/AIDS on population and/or economy. (e.g. people are unable to work/less food produced as they become weak/cannot fight infections, increases medical care cost as long term care is needed, reduces size of population due to deaths of people of child bearing age, increases numbers of orphans as many people who die of HIV/AIDS are aged between 20 and 40 etc) NB Max 5 if no named example Level 3 (7 marks) Uses named example (e.g. Zimbabwe). Comprehensive and accurate statements describing the impacts of HIV/AIDS on population and economy including some place specific reference. (NB Place specific references could include named settlements or rural areas. Alternatively candidates might quote changes in demographic statistics as a result of HIV/AIDS)