Read the following text, which is an extract from the book The Next Great Migration: The Beauty and Terror of Life on the Move, by the investigative journalist Sonia Shah, about human migration. The towering Dhauladhar mountain range, with its eighteen-thousand-foot peaks, looms over the precariously perched village of McLeodganj, nestled on a forested ridge nearly seven thousand feet up in the foothills of the Himalayas. Content removed due to copyright restrictions. Each of their perilous journeys over glaciers and high mountain passes took a month.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. (a) form, audience, purpose, style, conventions, language and structure will be appropriately adapted to suit task
2. (a) content may include the taxi driver's thoughts, feelings and reflections about Sonia and her team, as well as other relevant ideas
3. (a) tone will be used to have an impact on the reader and to create an effect.
4. (b) Form: the typical text conventions used in the original piece of investigative journalism and the candidate's own diary entry
5. (b) Form: the ways in which the different purposes affect the content and style of the two texts
6. (b) Form: the ways in which the journalism piece and the diary appeal to their respective intended audiences, e.g. through the tone and register used in each text
7. (b) Form: any other relevant aspects of the form of the two texts
8. (b) Structure: the way in which the text opens with the writer's arrival in McLeodganj in the opening paragraph (thus positioning the reader), which is then developed and brought into sharper focus in the second, before panning out to take a broader perspective of the Himalayas in the subsequent paragraphs
9. (b) Structure: the way in which the text develops the idea of the writer's reason for travelling to the Himalayas – to carry out research into migration
10. (b) Structure: the way in which the text is structured to develop the idea that human migration is a natural and inevitable process
11. (b) Structure: varying paragraph length enables the writer to develop certain points in depth/detail
12. (b) Structure: the effect created by the contrast between the final two sentences of the concluding paragraph
13. (b) Structure: any other relevant structural features in the texts
14. (b) Language: the use of first-person pronouns enables the reader to see things from the writer's perspective
15. (b) Language: the effects created by personification such as, Himalayan pine trees that cling to the mountainside and, living things inch, drift, and climb
16. (b) Language: the adjectives and adverbs used in the text and their effect on the reader
17. (b) Language: the use of lengthy, complex sentences to add descriptive detail and create a vivid picture
18. (b) Language: the effects of listing/triplicate structures in the text
19. (b) Language: lexical choices such as, towering, looms, terrifying, vertiginous, precariously perched, forbidding, barefaced cliffs, stamina, hauling, deathly, huffed, puffed, perilous journeys, etc., and how these help the writer to create a particular impression of the environment she is describing/how this links to the writer's purpose and intention
20. (b) Language: the effect of the phrase, substantive feats of navigational prowess
21. (b) Language: any other relevant language features used in the texts