O-LevelEnglish LanguageReading for Ideas1123/21 · Oct/Nov 2022 · Q122 Marks

Read Passage 1, Paper, in the insert and answer all the questions below.

(a)Notes Identify and write down the origin and development of paper production in former times, and the problems associated with paper production in modern times, as outlined in the passage. USE MATERIAL FROM THE WHOLE PASSAGE. At this stage, you do not need to use your own words. Use note form. To help you get started, the first point in each section of notes is done for you. You may find it helpful to use bullet points when listing the content points. You will be awarded up to 12 marks for content points. Content Points Origin and development of paper production in former times • first production occurred in China and was accidental Problems associated with paper production in modern times • the industry is heavily reliant on water[12]
(b)Summary Now use your notes from 1(a) to write a summary of the origin and development of paper production in former times, and the problems associated with paper production in modern times, as outlined in the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. You will be awarded marks for producing a piece of writing which is relevant, well organised and easy to follow. Your summary must be in continuous writing (not note form). You are advised to write between 150 and 180 words, including the 10 words given below. Begin your summary as follows: The first production of paper in former times was probably[10]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2022). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a) first production occurred in China and was accidental
[1] (a) (There is archaeological evidence that paper made from rags was) deliberately manufactured // (There is archaeological evidence that paper made from rags was) manufactured for use by the (Chinese) military (almost 3000 years ago)
[1] (a) systematic / standardised papermaking / process (of manufacturing in China)
[1] (a) more (and more) uses for it (in China) // more uses were found (in China)
[1] (a) (papermaking) techniques (had) spread (from China) to other countries
[1] (a) In Arab countries (papermaking) machines for bulk manufacturing were invented / designed (there)
[1] (a) paper mills sprang up across / in Europe // paper was being made in Europe / all across the European continent
[1] (a) only wood was used (to make paper / it)
[1] (a) machine which could produce paper at high speed / quickly (in large quantities, using a continuous belt to churn it out)
[1] (a) the industry is heavily reliant on water
[1] (a) forests / trees have been cut (down, reducing the diversity / variety of the forest / animal and plant life) // deforestation
[1] (a) harmful chemicals (used) to bleach / whiten (paper / it have become a source of environmental concern) // chemicals (used) to bleach / whiten (paper / it) have become / are a source of environmental concern
[1] (a) (environmental cost to) filling (our) landfill (sites) (with paper)
[1] (a) (when) paper / it degrades (on a landfill site), it emits methane (which is more toxic than other greenhouse gases) / toxic gas
[1] (a) de-inking / removing (printing) ink from paper / recycling uses chemicals which damage the environment / cause environmental problems // de-inking / removing (printing) ink from paper / recycling (paper) uses harmful chemicals
[1] (a) (vast amounts of paper for business use has led to the problem of) secure storage of confidential data
[10] (b) Marks are awarded for producing a piece of writing which is relevant and coherent.