Re-read paragraphs 2 and 6, which contain phrases about (a) Mr Arsalan and (b) the taxi driver. Give: • the meaning of each phrase as it is used in the passage • the effect of each phrase as it is used in the passage.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [1] 10(a) Meaning: (as) always / normally / regularly / frequently, Mr Arsalan / Farris's boss / he had a lot to say // Mr Arsalan / Farris's boss was always talking / speaking // (as) always / normally / regularly / frequently Mr Arsalan / Farris's boss / he talked / spoke a lot / for a long time / too much
2. [1] 10(a) Effect: Mr Arsalan / Farris's boss / he liked to be listened to / to get all the / too much attention / to be the centre of attention / had a high opinion of himself / liked to dominate / be in charge (at meetings) // Mr Arsalan / he was overconfident / arrogant / overshadowed others // or (The reader / writer feels / thinks) Mr Arsalan is arrogant / dominant / overconfident (The reader / writer) is critical of him / Mr Arsalan // (The writer wants) to show Mr Arsalan in a negative light
3. [1] 10(b) Meaning: the taxi driver / he / they went / drove fast(er) / quickly / at top / high speed / as fast as he could / was speeding (up) / rushed / hurried (back)
4. [1] 10(b) Accept the taxi driver / he / they turned back quickly / at top speed
5. [1] 10(b) Effect: it was an emergency / urgent // there was no time to lose // time was running out // the taxi driver / he understood the urgency
6. [1] 10(b) Note: one word answers work here: (the effect is) drama / tension / panic / urgency