Cam Tools uses division of labour in its factory to manufacture spades and other garden tools.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2014). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [2] Any two points × 1 mark each • An industrial building where manufacturing and assembly takes place using a production line and finished goods are produced (or example e.g. cars); : In the secondary production; To satisfy needs and wants. Any other relevant point.
2. [3] Any three points × 1 mark each and up to 2 marks for a well-developed point – • Spades and garden tools are used to dig / prepare the ground; • Which may be used to grow vegetables / food; • Which is a need for most people; • May also be used to dig ditches / drains; • They may also be used in a garden to grow flowers; • Which may be a human want; • Makes gardening easier; • Provides employment. Any other relevant point.
3. [1] 1 mark for putting on a label / branding / transporting it / storing it / displaying it / advertising / attaching an information booklet. Any other relevant point. N.B. after manufacture.
4. [4] Any four points × 1 mark each and up to 2 marks for a well-developed point • To a wholesaler who will pass on the spades to retailers such as garden centres or hardware stores who will sell the spades and other garden tools to consumers • Cam Tools could supply some retailers directly e.g. chains of garden centres, home improvement stores who would then do their own distribution to stores where the spades and other garden tools would be sold to consumers • Cam Tools could have a stand at garden shows and exhibitions and sell directly to consumers who attend these shows • Cam Tools may sell online using the Internet directly to consumers 2 marks max • Wholesalers to retailers to consumers 2 marks max Candidates may comment on methods of transport – allow this approach. Any other relevant comment.
5. [4] Any two reasons × 2 marks each or four points × 1 mark • To protect the spades from damage / theft • To store awaiting sale / transport • To enable production to be ahead of demand which is likely to be more in the summer months (cope with seasonal demand) • To store raw materials and components so that they are ready for use • To enable packaging and distribution to take place from the warehouse. Any other relevant point.
6. [6] Has assessed the arguments for and against the use of division of labour to manufacture spades and other garden tools and has given a reasoned response. (One-sided argument – award 4 marks max) No context = 5 marks max. Level 2 (4-6 marks) Division of labour is breaking down production so that each individual worker performs a small part of the process on an assembly line. It enables goods, like spades, to be mass produced. It enables the manufacturer to make greater use of machinery, so employing less labour leading to savings in costs. The garden tools will be standardised so consumers will know what they are buying. The manufacturer can take advantage of economies of scale e.g. bulk buying raw materials such as wood and steel and technological economies such as using the latest machinery. Because of cost savings, it is likely that production will be cheaper and these savings can be passed on to consumers in the form of lower prices. Workers will become more skilled in what they are doing. The training may be simpler as the tasks required are simpler and they can move between individual tasks. On the other hand division of labour may have its drawbacks both for the manufacturer and for the worker. Workers may become bored and as a result make mistakes, leading to wastage and complaints. The assembly line becomes interdependent so that if a machine breaks down in one part of the factory or there is a dispute among the workers, the whole assembly line may be brought to a standstill, thus losing production of the garden tools. It is important that these tools are produced at a reasonable cost. Division of labour helps to achieve this and so should be used in the manufacture of spades and other garden tools. Has commented on the use of division of labour in context / without context with / without an opinion. Level 1 (1-3 marks) Division of labour will help the manufacturer to increase output. Workers will do one job again and again. They may become bored. The manufacturer can employ less skilled people. The spades will all look alike. Division of labour should be used.