Fig. 6.1 is an outline diagram showing two stages of aerobic respiration. [Fig. 6.1]

1. (a)With reference to Fig. 6.1: name stage X state the precise location of stage Y state the numbered steps in stage Y in which decarboxylation occurs name the type of reaction by which ATP is made during step 3 name substances Q and R.[5]
2. (b)Uncontrolled cell division can lead to a cancerous tumour. Many cancer cells break down the amino acid glutamine and convert it to a 5-carbon intermediate compound, which is shown in Fig. 6.1. Suggest how the breakdown of glutamine can lead to the production of ATP in a cancer cell, other than that directly produced during step 3.[2]

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