Fig. 1.1 represents part of the wall of a proximal convoluted tubule (pct) in a kidney nephron. not to scale blood capillary cells of pct B A lumen of pct [Figure 1.1]

1. (a)(i)Name the features of the wall of a pct that are labelled A and B in Fig. 1.1. A B[2]
2. (a)(ii)On Fig. 1.1: • use the letter C with a label line to show where co-transport of glucose with sodium ions occurs • use the letter D with a label line to show where active transport of sodium ions occurs.[2]
3. (b)Table 1.1 shows the quantities, per day, of some of the substances that are: • removed from the blood by ultrafiltration • reabsorbed into the blood by the pct • excreted in the urine. Table 1.1 substance quantity removed by ultrafiltration and units percentage reabsorbed into blood from pct quantity excreted in urine and units urea 56.0 g 46.4 30.0 g water 180.0 dm³ 99.2 1.4 dm³ arbitrary sodium ions 25200.0 99.4 units arbitrary units glucose 800.0 nmol 100.0 0.0 nmol Complete Table 1.1 by calculating the quantity of sodium ions excreted in the urine. Write your answer in the table to one decimal place. Show your working in the space below.[2]
4. (c)A person who has type 1 diabetes mellitus cannot produce enough insulin. This results in some glucose being excreted in the urine. The urine can be tested for glucose using a dip stick. Name the two enzymes present on the dip stick and outline the reaction catalysed by each enzyme. enzyme reaction enzyme reaction[2]

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