The body temperature of a human is maintained at its set point of approximately 37°C. If it rises above this temperature, physiological responses begin to return the temperature to its set point. Two of these responses are vasodilation and sweating.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2017). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] four from: vasodilation 1 arterioles / blood vessels, (in skin) widen; R capillaries I arteries 2 more blood flows to capillaries / blood flows through capillaries more slowly; 3 heat (energy) lost ; sweating 4 more sweat, produced / released ; 5 sweat / water, evaporates ; 6 using heat energy / ref. to latent heat of vaporisation;
2. [4] four from: 1 high blood glucose concentration / hyperglycaemia; 2 (causes) decrease in water potential (of blood) ; 3 detected by, osmoreceptors / hypothalamus ; 4 feelings of thirst; 5 less / no, glucose converted to, fat / glycogen; 6 glucose lost in urine / not all glucose reabsorbed / blood glucose concentration above the renal threshold ; 7 glucose not taken up by cells ; 8 (so) fats / proteins, are, respired / metabolised;
3. [3] three from: 1 (pad contains) glucose oxidase; 2 enzyme / glucose oxidase, reacts with glucose (in the blood); 3 oxygen detected; 4 (electric) current generated ; 5 detected by electrode ; 6 gives numerical value (of blood glucose concentration);
4. [1] one from: 1 gives the, actual / accurate / exact, reading (of blood glucose concentration); 2 re-usable ; 3 more precise reading / quantitative;