A-LevelBiologyBiodiversity and conservation9700/42 · May/June 2023 · Q1010 Marks

(a) Many zoos around the world are involved in captive breeding programmes for endangered species.

(a)Outline the role of zoos in the conservation of endangered species, other than captive breeding programmes.[3]
(b)Chester Zoo, in the United Kingdom, controls the European captive breeding programme for the eastern black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis michaeli. Fig. 10.1 shows an eastern black rhinoceros. In the captive breeding programme for the eastern black rhinoceros, 15.8% of females breed each year while in the wild 23.7% of females breed each year. Suggest reasons why fewer females breed in captivity than in the wild. [Figure 10.1][4]
(c)Sometimes assisted reproduction is used in captive breeding programmes for the eastern black rhinoceros. Fig. 10.2 outlines the process of IVF that is used in these programmes. Outline: • the event A that occurs in the production of the embryos • the two other possible outcomes, B and C, for the embryos that have been produced. [Figure 10.2][3]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2023). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[3] any three from: 1 safe location or protected from, predators / hunters / poachers ; 2 research qualified; e.g. disease control / into diet / behaviour 3 raise funds; 4 work with local, communities / governments or conservation projects; 5 education / raise awareness; 6 medical/veterinary / health, (care);
[4] any four from: 1 unnatural environment / described; ora 2 effect of captivity on fertility ; 3 refuses to mate; 4 low availability of suitable mates / AW; ora 5 stress / pressure ; 6 AVP; e.g. zoo capacity / zoos control number they breed
[3] A - fertilisation occurs / sperm or semen added ; B and C - surrogacy / described ; cryopreservation / described ;

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