A student investigates how to make a magnet.

1. (a)She places an iron bar next to a permanent magnet, as shown in Figure 12. [Figure 12 shows a permanent bar magnet (North-South poles) placed horizontally, and an iron bar placed parallel to it, slightly separated. The iron bar is labeled 'X' at the end near the North pole of the permanent magnet, and 'Y' at the other end.] (i) Explain why the iron bar becomes magnetised.[2]
2. (a)(ii)State the polarity of end X of the iron bar.[1]
3. (b)The student then uses the stroking method to magnetise a steel bar, as shown in Figure 13. [Figure 13 shows a steel bar being stroked repeatedly in one direction by the North pole of a permanent magnet.] (i) Describe how the stroking method magnetises the steel bar.[3]
4. (b)(ii)The student finds that the steel bar remains magnetised for a long time. The iron bar in (a) does not remain magnetised for a long time. Explain this difference.[2]
5. (c)The student uses an electric current to magnetise a second steel bar. She connects a coil of wire to a power supply, as shown in Figure 14. [Figure 14 shows a coil of wire wrapped around a steel bar, connected to a power supply. A switch is shown in the circuit.] State two ways the student could increase the strength of the magnetic field.[2]

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