Study Source A and answer the questions that follow. Source A: From a modern history textbook, describing the Treaty of Versailles. 'The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, imposed harsh terms on Germany, including significant territorial losses, demilitarisation, and heavy reparations. Many Germans felt that this treaty was a 'Diktat' – a dictated peace – and it fuelled resentment that would contribute to future conflict.'

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme. The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. *(a)*
2. B1 for Alsace-Lorraine
3. B1 for Danzig OR West Prussia/Polish Corridor OR Saarland OR colonies
4. (Max 2, any two correct)
5. *(b)*
6. Level 1 (1-2 marks): Identifies basic reasons (e.g., Germany wasn't consulted, terms were harsh).
7. Level 2 (3-4 marks): Explains why terms were seen as dictated, referring to specific aspects and Germany's lack of involvement. e.g., Germany excluded from negotiations; presented with a finished document; threat of invasion if not signed; harsh terms not based on Wilson's 14 Points.
8. *(c)*
9. Level 1 (1-3 marks): Simple statements about the Treaty's role or other factors.
10. Level 2 (4-7 marks): Describes the Treaty's role and/or other factors. May offer limited analysis or a partial argument.
11. Level 3 (8-12 marks): Explains and analyses the extent to which the Treaty was the main cause, considering multiple factors (e.g., Hitler's actions, appeasement, League's weakness, Great Depression) and offering a supported judgement. Provides a balanced argument for and against the Treaty as the main cause.
12. Indicative content includes: Treaty caused resentment, economic hardship, rise of Hitler. However, other factors like Hitler's aggressive foreign policy, appeasement, failure of League of Nations, Great Depression were also significant.