Question 2 (a) Describe two features of collectivisation in the Soviet Union during the 1930s.

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme. The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. Award 1 mark for identification of a feature and 1 mark for accurate description of the feature, up to a maximum of 2 marks per feature.
2. Maximum 4 marks.
3. Candidates may refer to:
4. - The merging of small individual farms (1) into large, state-owned collective farms (kolkhozes) (1).
5. - The sharing of resources (1) such as tools, livestock, and machinery (1).
6. - The resistance from kulaks (1) who were wealthier peasants and opposed the policy (1).
7. - The use of force and propaganda (1) to implement collectivisation (1).
8. - The state setting targets (1) for production and controlling distribution of produce (1).
9. - The requisitioning of grain (1) by the state to feed industrial workers and for export (1).
10. - Massive famine (1), particularly in Ukraine (Holodomor), as a consequence (1).