Describe two assumptions of the learning approach, using examples other than the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia). 1 2

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2021). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1. [4] 2 marks assumption with an example (not from Saavedra and Silverman):; 1 mark for assumption + 1 mark for the examples; 1 mark assumption with no example; e.g.; We learn through conditioning (1 mark).; For operant we can get rewarded for being good so we are likely to be good again (1 mark: example); Social Learning helps to explain changes in behaviour (1 mark); We observe and imitate behaviours of an aggressive role models and copy that aggression (1 mark: example); We learn through classical conditioning (1 mark); We learn from reinforcement/punishment (1 mark)
2. [2] 1 mark for finding; 1 mark for linking it to an assumption highlighted in 4(a). If it does not match assumption can still gain 1 mark for a correct result.; e.g.; The ratings of distress declined over session time (1 mark: finding); and during these the mother gave positive reinforcement to help shape his behaviour (1 mark: link); by the end of the study the boy could handle buttons (1 mark: finding)