A-LevelPsychologyLearning approach9990/12 · May/June 2018 · Q812 Marks

In the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning), the main way that Alex was trained was called 'the model/rival technique'.

(a)Explain the procedure of this technique.[4]
(b)Explain one similarity and one difference between the study by Pepperberg and one other core study from the learning approach.[8]

Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (May/June 2018). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

1 mark per correct feature of the procedure
One human acts as a trainer/teacher to a second human;
They present objects and ask questions about the objects/asked 'What's Same?'/asked 'What's Different?'
They are given praise/rewarded for correct answers (e.g. keep item);
They show disapproval of incorrect answers (e.g. item taken away);
The second human acts as a model for the parrot;
They also act as a rival for the trainer's attention;
The parrot is allowed to participate in any verbal exchanges;
Alex observed the interactions (between model and rival);
The role of the M/R and trainer is (frequently) reversed.
4 marks available for the similarity, e.g. modelling, quantitative data, case study, ethics
4 marks available for the difference, e.g. species, sample size, type of conditioning, ethics
The other study can only be Bandura et al. or Saavedra and Silverman.
Level 4 (4 marks)
∞ The candidate has explained one similarity/difference between the Pepperberg study and one other learning study.
∞ Accurate knowledge and understanding is applied.
∞ There is a clear line of reasoning which is logically structured and thoroughly evaluated.
Level 3 (3 marks)
∞ The candidate has given one similarity/difference between the Pepperberg study and one other learning study.
∞ Knowledge and understanding is applied.
∞ There is evidence of some structured reasoning and some evaluation.
Level 2 (2 marks)
∞ The candidate has given one similarity/difference between the Pepperberg study and one other learning study.
∞ Some evidence that knowledge and understanding is applied but this may be limited.
∞ There is evidence of some reasoning with limited evaluation.
Level 1 (1 mark)
∞ The candidate has given one similarity/difference between the Pepperberg study and one other learning study.
OR
∞ The candidate has given one evaluation point that is basic.
Level 0 (0 marks)
No response worthy of credit.