O-LevelPhysicsKinematics5054/22 · Oct/Nov 2025 · Q19 Marks

A car travels along a straight horizontal road, initially at a constant speed. The speed-time graph in Fig. 1.1 shows the motion of the car from time t = 0. [Figure 1.1] At time t = 5.7s, the driver sees an obstruction in the road. The driver applies the brakes a short time later, and the car begins to slow down.

(a)(i)Using Fig. 1.1, determine: the speed of the car at time t = 0[1]
(a)(ii)the distance travelled by the car between the driver seeing the obstruction at t = 5.7 s and the car beginning to slow down[2]
(a)(iii)the distance travelled by the car between t = 0 and t = 11.2 s.[3]
(b)The speed of the car affects both the thinking distance and the braking distance. State one factor that affects only the braking distance of the car. Explain how a change in this factor increases the braking distance.[3]

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Mark scheme

Marking points from the official mark scheme (Oct/Nov 2025). The mark or mark type is shown in brackets.

[1] (a)(i) 29 (m/s)
[1] (a)(ii) (s =) vt or 29 × (6.4 – 5.7)
[1] (a)(ii) 20 (m)
[1] (a)(iii) (distance travelled =) area under graph or ½bh or ½(w1 + w2)h
[1] (a)(iii) ½ × 29 × (11.2 – 6.4) or ½ × 29 × 4.8 or 69.6 (m)
[1] (a)(iii) 260 (m)
[1] (b) any one factor from: (mass) of load/car; (condition / wear on) tyres; (state of) road; brakes; reference to friction
[1] (b) any one matching explanation from: heavy load; worn tyres; slippery/smooth road reference to reduced friction
[1] (b) reduced deceleration or increases the time taken (to stop)

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