A student measures the volume of two identical straws by different methods.

1. (a)(i)The student takes one straw and: • cuts it into 5 pieces that are equal in length • lines up the pieces of straw as shown in Fig. 1.1 • ensures the pieces of straw are touching. [Figure 1.1] Fig. 1.1 is drawn actual size. Measure and record lengths x and D to the nearest 0.1 cm. x = .................................................... cm D = .................................................... cm[1]
2. (a)(ii)Use your value of x in (a)(i) to calculate the length l of the straw before it was cut into pieces. l = .................................................... cm[1]
3. (a)(iii)Use your value for D in (a)(i) to calculate the diameter d of one straw. Give your answer to the nearest 0.01 cm. d = .................................................... cm[1]
4. (a)(iv)Explain how the student uses a ruler and two set squares to make sure that the measurement of D is as accurate as possible. You may draw a diagram to help your explanation.[1]
5. (a)(v)The volume V₁ of the straw is given by the equation: V₁ = 3.14d²l / 4 Use your answers from (a)(ii) and (a)(iii) to calculate V₁. Give your answer to two significant figures. V₁ = .................................................... cm³[2]
6. (b)(i)The student: • takes the second straw • immerses the straw fully in a container of water as shown in Fig. 1.2 [Figure 1.2] • moves the straw backwards and forwards in the water several times so that the water enters the straw • puts a finger firmly over one end of the straw, and removes the straw from the water • puts the straw above the open end of a 50 cm³ measuring cylinder, and then removes the finger so that the water is transferred into the measuring cylinder. The student repeats the process 4 more times for a total of 5 transfers. Fig. 1.3 shows the total volume of water Vᵀ in the measuring cylinder. [Figure 1.3] Write down the reading Vᵀ. Vᵀ = .................................................... cm³[1]
7. (b)(ii)Calculate the average volume of water V₂ in one straw. V₂ = .................................................... cm³[1]
8. (c)Suggest two reasons why V₁ and V₂ are different.[2]

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