In this experiment you will determine an approximate value for the density of the glass from which a test-tube is made. You are provided with: • a test-tube • a 250 cm³ glass beaker containing water • a 30 cm ruler • a 100 cm³ measuring cylinder • 2 rectangular blocks of wood • access to a balance. The height h and the external diameter d of the test-tube are shown in Fig. 1.1. [Figure 1.1]

1. (a)(i)Use the balance to measure the mass m of the test-tube. Record your answer to the nearest gram. m = ..................................................... g [1][1]
2. (a)(ii)Measure the height h of the test-tube. Record your answer to the nearest 0.1 cm. h = ..................................................... cm [1][1]
3. (a)(iii)Measure and record the external diameter d of the test-tube. Use the two wooden blocks to help you. d = ..................................................... cm [1][1]
4. (a)(iv)Draw a diagram to show how you use the wooden blocks to help you obtain your measurement of d in (iii). [1][1]
5. (b)The shape of the test-tube is approximately a cylinder. Calculate the external volume VE of the test-tube using the equation: VE = 0.79 d² h VE = ..................................................... cm³ [1][1]
6. (c)Fill the test-tube to the top with water. Pour the water carefully from the test-tube into the measuring cylinder. Read and record the volume of water VI in the measuring cylinder. This is the internal volume of the test-tube. VI = ..................................................... cm³ [1][1]
7. (d)Calculate the volume of the glass VG in the test-tube using the equation: VG = VE - VI VG = ..................................................... cm³ [1][1]
8. (e)Suggest one source of inaccuracy in measuring the internal volume of the test-tube VI. [1][1]
9. (f)Use your results from (a)(i) and (d) to calculate the density ρ of the glass from which the test-tube is made. Use the equation: ρ = m/VG Give the unit for your answer. ρ = ..................................................... unit ..................... [2][2]

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