The planet Venus orbits the Sun at a constant speed of 3.5 × 10⁴ m/s and takes a time Tv to complete one orbit.

1. (a)Venus is always 1.1 × 10¹¹ m from the Sun. Calculate Tv. Tv = ........................................................................ s[2]
2. (b)Explain why speed is a scalar quantity.[1]
3. (c)(i)Velocity is a vector quantity. Explain what happens to the velocity of Venus as it orbits the Sun.[2]
4. (c)(ii)There is a resultant force on Venus as it orbits the Sun. The force is perpendicular to the direction of the motion of Venus. State why this force is needed.[1]
5. (c)(iii)Fig. 9.1 shows the orbit of Venus around the Sun. On Fig. 9.1, draw an arrow to show the resultant force on Venus.[1]
6. (c)(iv)State what causes the force acting on Venus.[2]
7. (d)(i)One planet in the Solar System is closer to the Sun than Venus. State the name of this planet.[1]
8. (d)(ii)Compare the time that this planet takes to complete one orbit of the Sun with Tv and explain the difference.[2]

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