State how, in a modern X-ray tube, the intensity of the X-ray beam and its hardness are controlled. intensity: hardness: [2]

1. (a)State how, in a modern X-ray tube, the intensity of the X-ray beam and its hardness are controlled. intensity: hardness: [2][2]
2. (b)A model of a limb consists of soft tissue and bone, as illustrated in [Figure 11.1]. The soft tissue has a thickness of 9.0 cm. The bone within the soft tissue has a thickness of 3.0 cm. Data for the linear attenuation (absorption) coefficient μ of X-rays in soft tissue and in bone are shown in [Table 11.1]. A parallel beam of X-rays of intensity I₀ is incident normally on the model. Calculate, in terms of I₀:
3. (b)(i)the transmitted intensity IS through soft tissue alone IS = ................................................................ I₀ [2][2]
4. (b)(ii)the transmitted intensity IC through soft tissue and bone. IC = ................................................................ I₀ [2][2]
5. (c)By reference to your answers in (b), suggest, with a reason, whether good contrast on an X-ray image would be obtained.[1]

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